黑马头条微服务学习day6-kafka及异步通知文章上下架

自媒体文章上下架

Kafka概述

入门案例

（1）创建kafka-demo项目，导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
</dependency>

（2）生产者发送消息

package com.heima.kafka.sample;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 生产者
 */
public class ProducerQuickStart {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.kafka的配置信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //kafka的连接地址
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG,"192.168.200.130:9092");
        //发送失败，失败的重试次数
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.RETRIES_CONFIG,5);
        //消息key的序列化器
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,"org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
        //消息value的序列化器
        properties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG,"org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");

        //2.生产者对象
        KafkaProducer<String,String> producer = new KafkaProducer<String, String>(properties);

        //封装发送的消息
        ProducerRecord<String,String> record = new ProducerRecord<String, String>("itheima-topic","100001","hello kafka");

        //3.发送消息
        producer.send(record);

        //4.关闭消息通道，必须关闭，否则消息发送不成功
        producer.close();
    }

}

（3）消费者接收消息

package com.heima.kafka.sample;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 消费者
 */
public class ConsumerQuickStart {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.添加kafka的配置信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //kafka的连接地址
        properties.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "192.168.200.130:9092");
        //消费者组
        properties.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "group2");
        //消息的反序列化器
        properties.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        //2.消费者对象
        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(properties);

        //3.订阅主题
        consumer.subscribe(Collections.singletonList("itheima-topic"));

        //当前线程一直处于监听状态
        while (true) {
            //4.获取消息
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> consumerRecords = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> consumerRecord : consumerRecords) {
                System.out.println(consumerRecord.key());
                System.out.println(consumerRecord.value());
            }
        }

    }

}

总结

• 生产者发送消息，多个消费者订阅同一个主题，只能有一个消费者收到消息（一对一）
• 生产者发送消息，多个消费者订阅同一个主题，所有消费者都能收到消息（一对多）

分区

Kafka高可用设计

集群

发送类型

• 异步发送

  调用send()方法，并指定一个回调函数，服务器在返回响应时调用函数

//异步消息发送
producer.send(kvProducerRecord, new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onCompletion(RecordMetadata recordMetadata, Exception e) {
        if(e != null){
            System.out.println("记录异常信息到日志表中");
        }
        System.out.println(recordMetadata.offset());
    }
});

参数详解

消费者详解

1.提交当前偏移量（同步提交）

把enable.auto.commit设置为false,让应用程序决定何时提交偏移量。使用commitSync()提交偏移量，commitSync()将会提交poll返回的最新的偏移量，所以在处理完所有记录后要确保调用了commitSync()方法。否则还是会有消息丢失的风险。

只要没有发生不可恢复的错误，commitSync()方法会一直尝试直至提交成功，如果提交失败也可以记录到错误日志里。

while (true){
    ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
    for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
        System.out.println(record.value());
        System.out.println(record.key());
        try {
            consumer.commitSync();//同步提交当前最新的偏移量
        }catch (CommitFailedException e){
            System.out.println("记录提交失败的异常："+e);
        }

    }
}

2.异步提交

手动提交有一个缺点，那就是当发起提交调用时应用会阻塞。当然我们可以减少手动提交的频率，但这个会增加消息重复的概率（和自动提交一样）。另外一个解决办法是，使用异步提交的API。

while (true){
    ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
    for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
        System.out.println(record.value());
        System.out.println(record.key());
    }
    consumer.commitAsync(new OffsetCommitCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onComplete(Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> map, Exception e) {
            if(e!=null){
                System.out.println("记录错误的提交偏移量："+ map+",异常信息"+e);
            }
        }
    });
}

3.同步和异步组合提交

异步提交也有个缺点，那就是如果服务器返回提交失败，异步提交不会进行重试。相比较起来，同步提交会进行重试直到成功或者最后抛出异常给应用。异步提交没有实现重试是因为，如果同时存在多个异步提交，进行重试可能会导致位移覆盖。

举个例子，假如我们发起了一个异步提交commitA，此时的提交位移为2000，随后又发起了一个异步提交commitB且位移为3000；commitA提交失败但commitB提交成功，此时commitA进行重试并成功的话，会将实际上将已经提交的位移从3000回滚到2000，导致消息重复消费。

try {
    while (true){
        ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
            System.out.println(record.value());
            System.out.println(record.key());
        }
        consumer.commitAsync();
    }
}catch (Exception e){+
    e.printStackTrace();
    System.out.println("记录错误信息："+e);
}finally {
    try {
        consumer.commitSync();
    }finally {
        consumer.close();
    }
}

SpringBoot集成Kafka

1.导入spring-kafka依赖信息

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- kafkfa -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
                <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
        <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.在resources下创建文件application.yml

server:
  port: 9991
spring:
  application:
    name: kafka-demo
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: 192.168.200.130:9092
    producer:
      retries: 10
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    consumer:
      group-id: ${spring.application.name}-test
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

3.消息生产者

package com.heima.kafka.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate<String,String> kafkaTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        kafkaTemplate.send("itcast-topic","黑马程序员");
        return "ok";
    }
}

4.消息消费者

package com.heima.kafka.listener;

import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

@Component
public class HelloListener {

    @KafkaListener(topics = "itcast-topic")
    public void onMessage(String message){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){
            System.out.println(message);
        }

    }
}

传递为消息对象

• 发送消息

@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
    User user = new User();
    user.setUsername("xiaowang");
    user.setAge(18);

    kafkaTemplate.send("user-topic", JSON.toJSONString(user));

    return "ok";
}

• 接收消息

package com.heima.kafka.listener;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.heima.kafka.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

@Component
public class HelloListener {

    @KafkaListener(topics = "user-topic")
    public void onMessage(String message){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){
            User user = JSON.parseObject(message, User.class);
            System.out.println(user);
        }

    }
}

文章上下架功能实现

DTO

@Data
public class WmNewsDto {
    
    private Integer id;
    /**
    * 是否上架  0 下架  1 上架
    */
    private Short enable;
                       
}

1)接口定义

在heima-leadnews-wemedia工程下的WmNewsController新增方法

@PostMapping("/down_or_up")
public ResponseResult downOrUp(@RequestBody WmNewsDto dto){
    return null;
}

在WmNewsDto中新增enable属性 ，完整的代码如下：

package com.heima.model.wemedia.dtos;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

@Data
public class WmNewsDto {
    
    private Integer id;
     /**
     * 标题
     */
    private String title;
     /**
     * 频道id
     */
    private Integer channelId;
     /**
     * 标签
     */
    private String labels;
     /**
     * 发布时间
     */
    private Date publishTime;
     /**
     * 文章内容
     */
    private String content;
     /**
     * 文章封面类型  0 无图 1 单图 3 多图 -1 自动
     */
    private Short type;
     /**
     * 提交时间
     */
    private Date submitedTime; 
     /**
     * 状态 提交为1  草稿为0
     */
    private Short status;
     
     /**
     * 封面图片列表 多张图以逗号隔开
     */
    private List<String> images;

    /**
     * 上下架 0 下架  1 上架
     */
    private Short enable;
}

2)业务层编写

在WmNewsService新增方法

/**
 * 文章的上下架
 * @param dto
 * @return
 */
public ResponseResult downOrUp(WmNewsDto dto);

实现方法

/**
 * 文章的上下架
 * @param dto
 * @return
 */
@Override
public ResponseResult downOrUp(WmNewsDto dto) {
    //1.检查参数
    if(dto.getId() == null){
        return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.PARAM_INVALID);
    }

    //2.查询文章
    WmNews wmNews = getById(dto.getId());
    if(wmNews == null){
        return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.DATA_NOT_EXIST,"文章不存在");
    }

    //3.判断文章是否已发布
    if(!wmNews.getStatus().equals(WmNews.Status.PUBLISHED.getCode())){
        return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.PARAM_INVALID,"当前文章不是发布状态，不能上下架");
    }

    //4.修改文章enable
    if(dto.getEnable() != null && dto.getEnable() > -1 && dto.getEnable() < 2){
        update(Wrappers.<WmNews>lambdaUpdate().set(WmNews::getEnable,dto.getEnable())
                .eq(WmNews::getId,wmNews.getId()));
    }
    return ResponseResult.okResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SUCCESS);
}

3)控制器

@PostMapping("/down_or_up")
public ResponseResult downOrUp(@RequestBody WmNewsDto dto){
    return wmNewsService.downOrUp(dto);
}

4)测试

1)在heima-leadnews-common模块下导入kafka依赖

<!-- kafkfa -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
</dependency>

2)在自媒体端的nacos配置中心配置kafka的生产者

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: 192.168.200.130:9092
    producer:
      retries: 10
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer

3)在自媒体端文章上下架后发送消息

//发送消息，通知article端修改文章配置
if(wmNews.getArticleId() != null){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("articleId",wmNews.getArticleId());
    map.put("enable",dto.getEnable());
    kafkaTemplate.send(WmNewsMessageConstants.WM_NEWS_UP_OR_DOWN_TOPIC,JSON.toJSONString(map));
}

常量类：

public class WmNewsMessageConstants {

    public static final String WM_NEWS_UP_OR_DOWN_TOPIC="wm.news.up.or.down.topic";
}

4)在article端的nacos配置中心配置kafka的消费者

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: 192.168.200.130:9092
    consumer:
      group-id: ${spring.application.name}
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

5)在article端编写监听，接收数据

package com.heima.article.listener;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.heima.article.service.ApArticleConfigService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class ArtilceIsDownListener {

    @Autowired
    private ApArticleConfigService apArticleConfigService;

    @KafkaListener(topics = WmNewsMessageConstants.WM_NEWS_UP_OR_DOWN_TOPIC)
    public void onMessage(String message){
        if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(message)){
            Map map = JSON.parseObject(message, Map.class);
            apArticleConfigService.updateByMap(map);
            log.info("article端文章配置修改，articleId={}",map.get("articleId"));
        }
    }
}

6)修改ap_article_config表的数据

新建ApArticleConfigService

package com.heima.article.service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.heima.model.article.pojos.ApArticleConfig;

import java.util.Map;

public interface ApArticleConfigService extends IService<ApArticleConfig> {

    /**
     * 修改文章配置
     * @param map
     */
    public void updateByMap(Map map);
}

实现类：

package com.heima.article.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.heima.article.mapper.ApArticleConfigMapper;
import com.heima.article.service.ApArticleConfigService;
import com.heima.model.article.pojos.ApArticleConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.Map;

@Service
@Slf4j
@Transactional
public class ApArticleConfigServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<ApArticleConfigMapper, ApArticleConfig> implements ApArticleConfigService {


    /**
     * 修改文章配置
     * @param map
     */
    @Override
    public void updateByMap(Map map) {
        //0 下架 1 上架
        Object enable = map.get("enable");
        boolean isDown = true;
        if(enable.equals(1)){
            isDown = false;
        }
        //修改文章配置
        update(Wrappers.<ApArticleConfig>lambdaUpdate().eq(ApArticleConfig::getArticleId,map.get("articleId")).set(ApArticleConfig::getIsDown,isDown));

    }
}