Spring02 三层架构

Spring创建系统类的对象

只要有类型就可以创建对象，无论是系统的还是自定义的类型

<!-- Thu Jan 01 08:00:01 CST 1970 -->
<bean class="java.util.Date" id="myDate">
	<property name="time" value="1000"/>
</bean>

Spring创建对象的作用域

创建对象可适用的范围：ApplicationContext 定义的块级范围内
Spring默认创建的对象是单例的，也可以设置为非单例的

<!--Spring容器在启动时就已经创建好了所有对象，是放入单例池的，取多少次都是同一个对象-->
<!--设置成非单例模式，取一次创建一个对象-->
<beans>
	<!--不写和添加 singleton 都是单例-->
	<bean class="java.util.Date" id="myDate" scope="singleton"/>

	<!--非单例模式-->
	<bean class="java.util.Date" id="myDate" scope="prototype"/>
</beans>

三层架构的项目案例

界面层--->业务逻辑层--->数据访问层
模拟三层实现增加用户的操作

实现步骤:

1. 创建pojo包,添加实体类Users

public class Users {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String address;
	// 省略全参构造
	// 省略getter/setter/toString...
}

2. 数据访问层,创建mapper包

• UsersMapper.java接口

public interface UsersMapper {
	int insertUsers(Users users);
}

• UsersMapper.xml实现功能

/*使用实现类模拟xml*/
public class UsersMapperImpl implements UsersMapper {
	@Override
	public int insertUsers(Users users) {
		System.out.println(users.getName() + "添加成功");
		return 1;
	}
}

3. 业务逻辑层,创建service包

• UsersService接口

public interface UsersService {
	int insertUser(Users users);
}

• 添加impl包 UsersServiceImpl实现类

public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersService {
	UsersMapper usersMapper = new UsersMapperImpl();
	
	@Override
	public int insertUser(Users users) {
		return usersMapper.insertUsers(users);
	}
}

4. 界面层,创建controller包

• UsersController类

public class UsersController {
	UsersService service = new UsersServiceImpl();
	
	public void insert(Users users) {
		
		int i = service.insertUser(users);
		System.out.println(i);
	}
}

5. 测试类

public class MyTest {
	UsersController usersController = new UsersController();
	
	@Test
	public void testController() {
		usersController.insert(new Users(1, "牧羊", "青藏"));
	}
}

使用Spring接管三层架构项目

Spring解关界面测光, 业务逻辑层, 数据访问层对象的创建并完成依赖注入
在各个类中取消所有对象的创建,添加setter方法或者构造方法

• UsersServiceImpl类

public class UsersServiceImpl implements UsersService {
	UsersMapper usersMapper;
	
	public void setUsersMapper(UsersMapper usersMapper) {
		this.usersMapper = usersMapper;
	}
	
	@Override
	public int insertUser(Users users) {
		return usersMapper.insertUsers(users);
	}
}

• UsersController类

public class UsersController {
	private final UsersService service;
	
	public UsersController(UsersServiceImpl service) {
		this.service = service;
	}
	
	public void insert(Users users) {
		
		int i = service.insertUser(users);
		System.out.println(i);
	}
}

• applicationContext.xml

<beans>
	<!--创建数据访问层对象-->
	<bean class="icu.sandink.mapper.UsersMapperImpl" id="usersMapper"/>

	<!--创建业务逻辑层对象-->
	<bean class="icu.sandink.service.impl.UsersServiceImpl" id="usersService">
		<property name="usersMapper" ref="usersMapper"/>
	</bean>

	<!--创建界面层对象-->
	<bean class="icu.sandink.controller.UsersController" id="usersController">
		<constructor-arg name="service" ref="usersService"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

• 测试类

public class MyTest {
	ApplicationContext app;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test() {
		UsersController usersController = (UsersController) app.getBean("usersController");
		usersController.insert(new Users(1, "牧羊", "青藏"));
	}
}

Spring配置文件的拆分

由于项目越来越复杂,开发协作人员越来越多,一个配置文件极容易出错,所以要进行配置文件的拆分

拆分策略

• 按层拆(掌握)
  • applicationContext_mapper.xml 创建数据访问层的对象
  • applicationContext_service.xml 创建业务逻辑层的对象
  • applicationContext_controller.xml 创建界面层的对象

<!--applicationContext_mapper.xml-->
<beans>
	<bean id="uMapper" class="icu.sandink.mapper.UsersMapperImpl"/>
	<bean id="bMapper" class="icu.sandink.mapper.BookMapperImpl"/>
</beans> 

<!--applicationContext_service.xml-->
<beans>
	<bean id="usersService" class="icu.sandink.service.impl.UsersServiceImpl">
		<property name="usersMapper" ref="uMapper"/>
	</bean>
	<bean id="bookService" class="icu.sandink.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
		<property name="bookMapper" ref="bMapper"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

<!--applicationContext_controller.xml-->
<beans>
	<bean id="uController" class="icu.sandink.controller.UsersController">
		<property name="uService" ref="usersService"/>
	</bean>
	<bean id="bController" class="icu.sandink.controller.BookController">
		<property name="bService" ref="bookService"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

• 按模块拆
  • applicationContext_users.xml 创建users类相关的对象
  • applicationContext_book.xml 创建book类相关的对象

<!--applicationContext_users.xml-->
<beans>
	<bean id="uMapper" class="icu.sandink.mapper.UsersMapperImpl"/>
	<bean id="usersService" class="icu.sandink.service.impl.UsersSeriveImpl">
		<property name="usersMapper" ref="uMapper"/>
	</bean>
	<bean id="uController" class="icu.sandink.controller.UsersController">
		<property name="uService" ref="usersService"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

<!--application_book.xml-->
<beans>
	<bean id="bMapper" class="icu.sandink.mapper.BookMapperImpl"/>
	<bean id="bookService" class="icu.sandink.service.impl.BookSeriveImpl">
		<property name="bookMapper" ref="bMapper"/>
	</bean>
	<bean id="bController" class="icu.sandink.controller.BookController">
		<property name="bService" ref="bookService"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

Spring配置文件的整合

• 单个文件的导入

<beans>
	<import resource="applicationContext_mapper.xml"/>
	<import resource="applicationContext_service.xml"/>
	<import resource="applicationContext_controller.xml"/>
</beans>

• 批量导入

<beans>
	<import resource="applicationContext_*.xml"/>
</beans>

基于注解的包扫描方式

• 单个包扫描

<beans>
	<context:component-scan base-package="icu.sandink.controller"/>
	<context:component-scan base-package="icu.sandink.service.impl"/>
	<context:component-scan base-package="icu.sandink.mapper"/>
</beans>

• 一次扫描多个包,多个包之间以逗号或分号或空格分隔

<beans>
	<context:component-scan base-package="icu.sandink.controller,icu.sandink.service.impl;icu.sandink.mapper"/>
</beans>

• 扫描根包(不推荐)

<beans>
	<context:component-scan base-package="icu.sandink"/>
</beans>