第二章 微服务环境搭建

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

maven ： 3.3.9

数据库： MySQL 5.7

持久层 : SpingData Jpa

其他 : SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模块【实体类】

shop-user 用户微服务 【端口 : 807x 】

shop-product 商品微服务 【端口 : 808x 】

shop-order 订单微服务 【端口 : 809x 】

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的 用户下单 为

例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微

服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为 服务消费者 ，把服务的被调用方称为 服务提供者 。

2.2 创建父工程

创建一个 maven 工程，然后在 pom.xml 文件中添加下面内容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-
8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloudalibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>

版本对应：

2.3 创建基础模块

1 创建 shop - common 模块，在 pom.xml 中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.56</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2 创建实体类

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}
//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}
//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名

private Integer pid;//商品id
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品单价
private Integer number;//购买数量
}

2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤 :

1 创建模块 导入依赖

2 创建 SpringBoot 主类

3 加入配置文件

4 创建必要的接口和实现类 (controller service dao)

新建一个 shop - user 模块，然后进行下面操作

1 创建 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2 编写主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);
}
}
server:
port: 8071
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop_product 的模块，并添加 springboot 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);
}
}

3 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建 ProductDao 接口

package com.itheima.dao;
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

5 创建 ProductService 接口和实现类

package com.itheima.service.impl;
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}

6 创建 Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
return product;
}
}

7 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8 通过浏览器访问服务

2.6 创建订单微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop - order 的模块 , 并添加 springboot 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2 创建工程的主类

package com.itheima;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
}

3 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建 OrderDao 接口

package com.itheima.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

5 创建 OrderService 接口和实现类

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Override
public void save(Order order) {
orderDao.save(order);
}
}

6 创建 RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}

7 创建 Controller

package com.itheima.controller;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
//准备买1件商品
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
"http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);

log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
Order order = new Order();
order.setUid(1);
order.setUsername("测试用户");
order.setPid(product.getPid());
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
order.setNumber(1);
orderService.save(order);
return order;
}
}

7 启动工程 , 通过浏览器访问服务进行测试