Master-Worker模式
Master-Worker模式是常用的并行计算模式。它的核心思想是系统由两类进程协作工作:Master进行和Worker进行。Master负责接收和分配任务,Worker负责处理子任务。当各个Worker子进程处理完成后,会将结果返回给Master,由Master做归纳和总结。其好处是能将一个大任务分解成若干个子任务,并行执行,从而提高系统的吞吐量。
master-worker模式流程图
下面是一个master-worker模式的例子:
worker.go
package main
import "fmt"
// Job 需要处理的任务,简单定义一下
type Job struct {
num int
}
func NewJob(num int) Job {
return Job{num: num}
}
type Worker struct {
id int //workerID
WorkerPool chan chan Job //worker池
JobChannel chan Job //worker从JobChannel中获取Job进行处理
Result map[interface{}]int //worker将处理结果放入reuslt
quit chan bool //停止worker信号
}
func NewWorker(workerPool chan chan Job, result map[interface{}]int, id int) Worker {
return Worker{
id: id,
WorkerPool: workerPool,
JobChannel: make(chan Job),
Result: result,
quit: make(chan bool),
}
}
func (w Worker) Start() {
go func() {
for {
//将worker的JobChannel放入master的workerPool中
w.WorkerPool <- w.JobChannel
select {
//从JobChannel中获取Job进行处理,JobChannel是同步通道,会阻塞于此
case job := <-w.JobChannel:
//处理这个job
//并将处理得到的结果存入master中的结果集
x := job.num * job.num
fmt.Println(w.id, ":", x)
w.Result[x] = w.id
//停止信号
case <-w.quit:
return
}
}
}()
}
func (w Worker) Stop() {
go func() {
w.quit <- true
}()
}
master.go
package main
type Master struct {
WorkerPool chan chan Job //worker池
Result map[interface{}]int //存放worker处理后的结果集
jobQueue chan Job //待处理的任务chan
workerList []Worker //存放worker列表,用于停止worker
}
var maxWorker int
// NewMaster maxWorkers:开启线程数
//result :结果集
func NewMaster(maxWorkers int, result map[interface{}]int) *Master {
pool := make(chan chan Job, maxWorkers)
maxWorker = maxWorkers
return &Master{WorkerPool: pool, Result: result, jobQueue: make(chan Job, 2*maxWorkers)}
}
func (m *Master) Run() {
//启动所有的Worker
for i := 0; i < maxWorker; i++ {
work := NewWorker(m.WorkerPool, m.Result, i)
m.workerList = append(m.workerList, work)
work.Start()
}
go m.dispatch()
}
// 分配任务
func (m *Master) dispatch() {
for {
select {
// 从作业队列中获取一个待处理的作业,因为是无缓冲通道,所以会阻塞
case job := <-m.jobQueue:
go func(job Job) {
//从workerPool中取出一个worker的JobChannel
jobChannel := <-m.WorkerPool
//向这个JobChannel中发送job,worker中的接收配对操作会被唤醒
jobChannel <- job
}(job)
}
}
}
// AddJob 添加任务到任务通道
func (m *Master) AddJob(num int) {
job := NewJob(num)
//向任务通道发送任务
m.jobQueue <- job
}
// Stop 停止所有任务
func (m *Master) Stop() {
for _, v := range m.workerList {
v.Stop()
}
}
test.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
result := map[interface{}]int{}
mas := NewMaster(4, result)
mas.Run()
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
mas.AddJob(i)
}
time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
//mas.Stop()
fmt.Println("result=", result)
}
运行结果每次都是不同的,这里只展示某一次的运行结果:
1 : 81
2 : 4
2 : 9
2 : 16
2 : 64
2 : 36
2 : 49
3 : 1
0 : 0
1 : 25
result= map[0:0 1:3 4:2 9:2 16:2 25:1 36:2 49:2 64:2 81:1]
其它并发模式
参考资料: