kubeadm搭建高可用k8s集群

ggrong0213

于 2022-10-28 19:47:25 发布

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分类专栏： k8s 文章标签： kubernetes docker 云原生

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_50255609/article/details/127564288

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1、环境准备：

hostname	IP	组件
m1	192.168.150.140	keepalived,haproxy,etcd,apiserver,docker,controller-manager,scheduler
m2	192.168.150.141	keepalived,haproxy,etcd,apiserver,docker,controller-manager,scheduler
n1	192.168.150.142	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker
n2	192.168.150.144	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker
VIP(虚拟IP地址)	192.168.150.143

2、系统初始化

2、1 关闭防火墙

$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl disable firewalld

2、2 关闭selinux

$ sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config 
$ setenforce 0

2、3 关闭swap分区

$ swapoff -a  
$ sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

2、4 设置主机名

$ hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

2、5 添加hosts

$ cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.150.143    master.k8s.io   k8s-vip
192.168.150.140    master01.k8s.io master1
192.168.150.141    master02.k8s.io master2
192.168.150.142    node01.k8s.io   node1
192.168.150.144    node02.k8s.io   node2
EOF

2、6 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
$ sysctl --system

2、7 设置时间同步

$ yum install ntpdate -y
$ ntpdate time.windows.com

3、所有master节点部署keepalived

3.1 安装相关包和keepalived

$ yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
$ yum install -y keepalived

3、2 配置master节点

master1和master2节点配置：

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 3
    weight -2
    fall 10
    rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER 
    interface 自己虚拟机的网卡名
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 250
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        自己的虚拟IP
    }
    track_script {
        check_haproxy
    }

}
EOF

3、3 启动和设置开机启动并查看状态

$ systemctl start keepalived
$ systemctl enable keepalived
$ systemctl status keepalived

3、4 查看master1网卡信息

$ ip a s ens33

4、所有master节点部署haproxy

4、1 安装

$ yum install -y haproxy

4、2 配置

$ cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon 
       
    # turn on stats unix socket
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------  
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode                 tcp
    bind                 *:16443
    option               tcplog
    default_backend      kubernetes-apiserver    
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode        tcp
    balance     roundrobin
    server      master01.k8s.io   master1节点ip:6443 check
    server      master02.k8s.io   master2节点ip:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
    bind                 *:1080
    stats auth           admin:awesomePassword
    stats refresh        5s
    stats realm          HAProxy\ Statistics
    stats uri            /admin?stats
EOF

4、2 启动和设置开机启动并查看状态

$ systemctl enable haproxy
$ systemctl start haproxy
$ systemctl status haproxy

● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-10-28 06:50:12 EDT; 47s ago
  Process: 9700 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9701 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─9701 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─9702 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─9703 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

4、3 检查端口

$ netstat -lntup|grep haproxy
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1080            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9772/haproxy
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:16443           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9772/haproxy
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:34419           0.0.0.0:*                           9771/haproxy

5、所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet/kubectl

5、1 安装Docker

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

启动和设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

设置docker镜像仓库

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["自己的阿里云镜像仓库地址"]
}
EOF

重启docker

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart docker

查看是否配置成功

$ docker info
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
 https://fxt824bw.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false

可以看到配置已经成功。

5、2 添加阿里云k8s的YUM软件源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

5、3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0

设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable kubelet

6、部署Kubernetes Master

6、1 创建kubeadm配置文件

注意：在具有vip的master上操作

$ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p
$ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/
$ vi kubeadm-config.yaml

# yaml文件内容如下：
apiServer:
  certSANs:
    - master1
    - master2
    - master.k8s.io
    - 虚拟地址
    - master1节点IP
    - master2节点IP
    - 127.0.0.1
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns: 
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:    
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.18.0
networking: 
  dnsDomain: cluster.local  
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

6、2 在m2节点执行配置文件

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

6、3 按照提示配置环境变量

$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

6、4 查看node和pods

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS      ROLES    AGE     VERSION
m2          NotReady    master   4m43s   v1.18.0

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7ff77c879f-2vl5p                   0/1     Pending   0          4m16s
coredns-7ff77c879f-vmrkc                   0/1     Pending   0          4m16s
etcd-m2                                    1/1     Running   0          4m34s
kube-apiserver-m2                          1/1     Running   0          4m34s
kube-controller-manager-m2                 1/1     Running   0          4m34s
kube-proxy-nsdmf                           1/1     Running   0          4m17s
kube-scheduler-m2                          1/1     Running   0          4m34s

此时的m2节点的状态为NotReady,因此需要配置集群网络。

7、安装calico集群网络

7、1 获取calico.yaml文件

$ mkdir flannel
$ cd flannel
$ curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml -O

注意：calico.yaml文件需要对应k8s的版本，否则无法安装。

7、2 安装calico网络

$ kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

7、3 查看Pods状态和nodes状态

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-7b5bcff94c-x46rj   1/1     Running   0          9m25s
calico-node-5cwbc                          1/1     Running   0          9m25s
calico-node-kvnmc                          1/1     Running   0          3m15s
coredns-7ff77c879f-2vl5p                   1/1     Running   0          11m
coredns-7ff77c879f-vmrkc                   1/1     Running   0          11m
etcd-m1                                    1/1     Running   0          3m5s
etcd-m2                                    1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-apiserver-m1                          1/1     Running   0          3m14s
kube-apiserver-m2                          1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-controller-manager-m1                 1/1     Running   0          3m13s
kube-controller-manager-m2                 1/1     Running   1          11m
kube-proxy-nsdmf                           1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-proxy-wcrxk                           1/1     Running   0          3m15s
kube-scheduler-m1                          1/1     Running   0          3m5s
kube-scheduler-m2                          1/1     Running   1          11m

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
m2          Ready    master   2m39s   v1.18.0

可以看到m2的状态变成了Ready，此时calico网络已经安装成功。

8、m1节点加入集群

8、1 复制密钥及相关文件

从m2复制密钥及相关文件到m1：

$ ssh root@m1节点IP mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

$ scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@m1节点IP:/etc/kubernetes
   
$ scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@m1节点IP:/etc/kubernetes/pki
   
$ scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@m1节点IP:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

8、2 m1加入集群

$ kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba --control-plane

注意，这条命令是在执行kubeadm init 命令时产生的。

8、3 查看m1是否加入集群

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME   STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
m1     Ready    master   2m39s   v1.18.0
m2     Ready    master   11m     v1.18.0

9、加入Kubernetes Node

9、1 所有node节点执行如下命令

$ kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba

注意，此命令也是在执行kubeadm init 时产生的。

9、2 查看node节点是否加入集群

$ kubectl get nodes
NAME   STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
m1     Ready    master   8m3s   v1.18.0
m2     Ready    master   16m    v1.18.0
n1     Ready    <none>   105s   v1.18.0
n2     Ready    <none>   105s   v1.18.0

可以看到n1和n2已经加入集群。

10、测试kubernetes集群

10、1 创建Pod容器应用

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

10、2 对外暴露应用

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --name nginx --port 80 --target-port 80 --type NodePort

10、3 查看service

$ kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.1.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        18m
nginx        NodePort    10.1.218.137   <none>        80:30241/TCP   13s

10、4 修改service的对外暴露的端口号

$ kubectl edit service nginx

$ 指定nodePort为30001

10、5 再次查看service

$ kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.1.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        20m
nginx        NodePort    10.1.218.137   <none>        80:30001/TCP   2m17s