智能合约项目开发实例

智能合约项目开发实例

环境

相关环境的安装本人的其他博客中已提到

• remix编辑器（http://remix.ethereum.org/），由于https进不去，此处采用http

• Truffle v5.5.2 (core: 5.5.2)

• Ganache v7.0.1

• Solidity - 0.8.11 (solc-js)

• Node v12.16.0

• Web3.js v1.5.3

solidity简单投票代码

代码

仿照remix样例写的简单代码，voter.sol

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

contract SimBallot{
    Candidate[] public candidates ;
    struct Voter{
        address from;
        string to;
    }

    struct Candidate{
        string candidate;
        uint8 count;
    }
// ["aa","bb","cc"]
    constructor (string[] memory _candidate  ){
        require(_candidate.length>0,"require candidate");
        
        for(uint i = 0;i< _candidate.length;i++){
            candidates.push(Candidate({
                candidate:_candidate[i],
                count:0
            }));

        }
    }

    function vote(string memory to) public{
        require(bytes(to).length !=0,"to is null");
        int256 pos = -1;
       
        for(uint256 i=0;i<candidates.length;i++){
            if(keccak256(bytes(candidates[i].candidate))==keccak256(bytes(to))){
                pos = int256(i);
            }
        }
        require(pos!=-1,"voted person is not in candidates");

        candidates[uint256(pos)].count++;
    }

    function getCounts()  public view returns (uint8[]  memory){
        uint8[] memory counts = new  uint8 [](candidates.length);
        for(uint256 i;i<candidates.length;i++){
            counts[i] = candidates[i].count;
        }
        return counts;
    }

        function getNames()  public view returns (string[]  memory){
        string[] memory names = new  string [](candidates.length);
        for(uint256 i;i<candidates.length;i++){
            names[i] = candidates[i].candidate;
        }
        return names;
    }


} 

验证

在Deploy后，若出现以下错误

creation of Ballot errored: Error encoding arguments: Error: expected array value

可以在At Address处填写钱包地址，若没有正常测试方法即可

编译

在项目目录初始化

truffle init

生成以下文件：

• contracts/: solidity合约目录
• migrations/: 部署脚本文件目录
• test/: 测试脚本目录
• truffle.js: Truffle配置文件

将之前写的voter.sol放到migrations目录中

测试与编译

• 测试

truffle test ./voter.sol

返回结果,说找不到**‘./uws_win32_x64_72.node’**，不过这个只影响速度，对结果没有影响，可以忽略

D:\work\coding\blockchain\truffle\workspace\voter\contracts>truffle test ./voter.sol --reset
> Warning: possible unsupported (undocumented in help) command line option(s): --reset
This version of µWS is not compatible with your Node.js build:

Error: Cannot find module './uws_win32_x64_72.node'
Falling back to a NodeJS implementation; performance may be degraded.



Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling .\contracts\Migrations.sol
> Compiling .\contracts\voter.sol
> Compiling .\contracts\voter.sol
> Artifacts written to C:\Users\战神\AppData\Local\Temp\test--14236-0XaxWpfKOIvu
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.11+commit.d7f03943.Emscripten.clang


  0 passing (2ms)

• 编译

truffle compile

返回编译结果，显示将编译结果放到了contracts文件夹下

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling .\contracts\Migrations.sol
> Compiling .\contracts\voter.sol
> Artifacts written to D:\work\coding\blockchain\truffle\workspace\voter\build\contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.11+commit.d7f03943.Emscripten.clang

搭建私链

• 使用ganache客户端，new workspace

• 配置工作空间

• 配置服务

部署与测试

• 修改配置文件，host、port、network_id都取决于ganache的配置

  networks: {
     development: {
      host: "127.0.0.1",     // Localhost (default: none)
      port: 8545,            // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
      network_id: "5777",       // Any network (default: none)
     },}

• 编写部署脚本

const Migrations = artifacts.require("SimBallot");//脚本名

module.exports = function (deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(Migrations,["aa","bb","cc"]);//后面为传参
};

在命令行中进行部署

truffle migrate

• 新建测试脚本，测试ganache中的账户余额

const Web3 = require('web3')
const rpcURL = "https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/xxxxxxxxxx" // RPC URL
const web3 = new Web3(rpcURL)
const address = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" // 账户地址
// 读取address中的余额，余额单位是wei
web3.eth.getBalance(address, (err, wei) => {
    // 余额单位从wei转换为ether
    balance = web3.utils.fromWei(wei, 'ether')
    console.log("balance: " + balance)
})

• 修改测试脚本，调用合约方法，查询投票人名单

let  SimBallotContract = require("../build/contracts/SimBallot.json");

const Web3 = require('web3')
const rpcURL = "HTTP://127.0.0.1:8545" // RPC URL
const web3 = new Web3(rpcURL)
const address = "0x3ccb98a80F786AF54079f087F3DE62B043D1cf72" // 合约地址


let SimBallot = new web3.eth.Contract(
    SimBallotContract.abi,
    address,
);

SimBallot.methods.getNames().call()
    .then((res)=>{
        console.log(res)
    })