Spring MVC 快速入门

①导入相关依赖

<dependencies>
      
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--    你可以把你的idea设置一下不然你下次再创建一个新的项目那些配置又会回到当初， 怎么设置-我刚刚告诉你的那个就是设置每次创建项目默认的配置项-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
    <!--    lombok依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.20</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--     加入 jackson 依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.0</version>
      <configuration>
        <source>1.8</source>
        <target>1.8</target>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

②配置web.xml

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <!--    声明springmvc核心对象DispatcherServlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <!--        所在的位置 -->
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--        自定义Springmvc读取文件的路径-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!--    注册字符集过滤器 ：解决post请求乱码的问题-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <!--        指定字符集-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--        强制request使用指定字符集-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <!--    指定任意路径下的servlet 强制所有的请求先通过过滤器-->
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

③配置SpringMVC

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hgzy.controller"/>

    <!--注解驱动，以使得访问路径与方法的匹配可以通过注解配置-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--    配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--        前缀 视图文件的路径-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
        <!--        后缀 视图文件的后缀名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 解决静态资源访问问题，如果不加mvc:annotation-driven会导致无法访问handler-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<!--    配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
<!--            配置拦截器要拦截的路径-->
<!--        test/*    拦截不了多级路径的情况  例如 /test/add/user
            test/**   能拦截多级路径
-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!--            配置不拦截的路径-->
<!--            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/"/>-->
<!--            把拦截器对象注入容器-->
            <bean class="com.hgzy.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>

    </mvc:interceptors>


</beans>

④创建测试用的jsp页面

在webapp下创建success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    成功
</body>
</html>

⑤编写Controller

定义一个类，在类上加上@Controller注解，声明其是一个Controller。主要要创建在之前注解扫描所配置的包下。

然后定义一个方法，在方法上加上@RequestMapping来指定哪些请求会被该方法所处理。

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")//指定请求路径是/hello的才能被该方法处理
    public String hello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "/success.jsp";//跳转到success.jsp
    }
}