题目十二：脉冲按键电话按键显示电路设计（平台实现）
题目要求：设计一个具有8位显示的电话按键显示器，显示器应能正确反映按键数字，接通后能显示通话时间。
\1) 显示器显示从低位向高位前移，逐位显示按键数字，最低位为当前显示位，八位数字输入完毕后，电话接通，直到有接听信号输入，若一直没有接听，10秒钟后，自动挂断，显示器清除显示，直到有新号码输入。
\2) 用电平信号1作为拿起话筒的信号，用K0—K6作为0—6的数字按键进行拨号；数码管显示从低位向高位前移，逐位显示按键数字，最低位为当前显示位，八位数字输入完毕后，电话接通，指示灯1亮。
\3) 用一电平信号2作为接通信号，接通后用指示灯1闪烁显示正在通话中；
\4) 设计一个计时电路，接通清除电话号码显示，数码管显示通话时间，精确到秒；显示格式：时.分.秒，即” xx.xx.xx”。
\5) 自己挂断或者对方挂断，计时结束，显示总通话时长。
选做部分：设计一个寄存器，存放最后一次拨的电话号码，用K7作为重拨按键，当拿起话筒时，按重拨键，数码管逐位显示最后一次的电话号码。
设备及其软件情况
板子：flex epf10k20tc144-4
软件：quartus ||
语言：VHDL
设计思路：
一：输入输出模块
整个输入输出思路是 按键k->BCD码->BCD进入寄存器->寄存器扫描改变set->将set翻译成段选信号，显示
二：状态判断模块
、根据使能信号a1（ 话筒 ），a2（ 接听 ），cntt（ 已拨打的号码数 ）来判断当前所处状态，并映射到相应的信号量上。
三：移位寄存器扫描模块
在状态判断模块使用的状态信号量的控制下（timer=1代表已接通）将寄存器的值放在set中
四：数码管显示模块
总体上通过控制段选信号（smg）和位选信号（sel）来控制数码管。
运用到动态扫描技术来同时显示数码管。
输出模块根据状态信号量来控制输出。
具体实现：
0： 所用的信号量分析
输入port：
k:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);//按键信号做号码输入
clk:in std_logic;//100hz的时钟信号，分频做计时的时钟信号
clk9:in std_logic;//动态扫描的时钟信号（我认为动态的原因）
smg:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);//数码管的段选信号
sel:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);//数码管的位选信号
led:out std_logic;//输出灯来显示当前状态（1->等待接听信号，1·0跳变->通话中
a1:in std_logic;//话筒信号
a2:in std_logic);//接听信号
中间量（各个进程的信号量）
signal BCD:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);//将按键k翻译成BCD码
signal set:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);//用来存放寄存器扫描的结果
signal key:std_logic;//判断是否应该扫描寄存器
signal key1:std_logic;//k发生变化
type array1 is array(7 downto 0)of std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal array2 :array1;//移位寄存器
signal c1:std_logic;//时间计数器的进位
signal c2:std_logic;//时间计数器的进位
signal q01:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//放时间
signal q02:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//放时间
signal q11:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//放时间
signal clock1:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//锁存
signal clock2:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//锁存
signal clock3:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";//锁存
Signal cnt: integer range 0 to 7:=0;//随clk动态变化，是动态扫描的基础
临时信号
signal clk1_temp:std_logic;//clk1（10s）的临时量
signal clk2_temp:std_logic;//clk2（1s）的临时量
signal recall_temp:std_logic:='0';//复位信号的临时量
signal led_test:std_logic;//灯的临时量
signal x:std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);//段选信号的临时量
时钟信号
clk:in std_logic;//100hz的时钟信号，分频做计时的时钟信号
clk9:in std_logic;//动态扫描的时钟信号（我认为动态的原因）
signal clk1:std_logic;//10s(由clk分频得来)
signal clk2:std_logic;//1s(由clk分频得来)
状态信号量
signal timer:std_logic:='0';//当接通时timer=1,
signal flag:std_logic:='0';//flag=1 表示出现过接通的状态
signal flag1:std_logic:='0';//判断是否到了显示通话（已结束）时间
signal recall:std_logic:='0';//复位信号
signal b1:std_logic:='1';//判断是否是出于按了号码没有接听信号
Signal cntt: integer range 0 to 9;//所按的号码的数目
一：输入输出模块
用按钮k0~k6做号码输入（同时用了计数器防抖），具体思路为k的变动引起BCD信号量的变化，再将BCD保存在移位寄存器中。
图片显示
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代码：
k->bcd
process(k)
Begin
if k(0)='0' then BCD<="0000";
elsif k(1)='0' then BCD<="0001";
elsif k(2)='0' then BCD<="0010";
elsif k(3)='0' then BCD<="0011";
elsif k(4)='0' then BCD<="0100";
elsif k(5)='0' then BCD<="0101";
elsif k(6)='0' then BCD<="0110";
else BCD<="0000";
end if;
if k(7)='0' then recall_temp<='1';
else recall_temp<='0';
end if;
end process;
BCD->寄存器（通过key）
process(key,b1)
begin
if b1='0' then
array2(7)<= "0000";
array2(6)<= "0000";
array2(5)<= "0000";
array2(4)<= "0000";
array2(3)<= "0000";
array2(2)<= "0000";
array2(1)<= "0000";
array2(0)<= "0000";
cntt<=0;
else
if falling_edge(key) then
array2(7)<= array2(6);
array2(6)<= array2(5);
array2(5)<= array2(4);
array2(4)<= array2(3);
array2(3)<= array2(2);
array2(2)<= array2(1);
array2(1)<= array2(0);
array2(0)<= BCD;
cntt<=cntt+1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
二：状态判断模块
b1判断是否是出于按了号码没有接听信号
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process(cntt,clk1,a2)
begin
if cntt>=8 then
if a2='0' then
if clk1'event and clk1='1'then
b1<='0';
end if;
end if;
else
b1<='1';
end if;
end process;
-
timer:std_logic:=‘0’;//当接通时timer=1,
-
flag:std_logic:=‘0’;//flag=1 表示出现过接通的状态
-
flag1:std_logic:=‘0’;//判断是否到了显示通话（已结束）时间
-
recall:std_logic:=‘0’;//复位信号
-
b1:std_logic:=‘1’;//判断是否是出于按了号码没有接听信号
-
cntt: integer range 0 to 9;//所按的号码的数目
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process(cntt,a2)
begin
if flag1='1' then
led_test<='0';
else
if a2='1' then
if cntt>=8 then
led_test<=clk2;
timer<='1';
else
led_test<='0';
timer<='0';
end if;
end if;
if a2='0' then
if cntt>=8 then
led_test<='1';
timer<='0';
else
led_test<='0';
timer<='0';
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(timer)
begin
if timer='1' then flag<='1';
end if;
end process;
process(flag)
begin
if flag='1' then
if a1='0'then
flag1<='1';
end if;
if a2='0' then
flag1<='1';
end if;
else
flag1<='0';
end if;
end process;
三：移位寄存器扫描模块
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
End case;
四：数码管显示模块
set的输出
根据状态信号量的不同，将输出分成几种
1.输出寄存器的内容（
- if recall=‘0’ then//无重拨信号
- if flag1=‘0’ then//不用显示通话（已结束）时间
- if timer=‘0’ and flag='0’then//电话没接通 ）
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
End case;
2.输出正在通话时间（
- if recall=‘0’ then//无重拨信号
- if flag1=‘0’ then//不用显示通话（已结束）时间
- if timer =1
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=q01;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=q02;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=q11;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
3.输出通话（已结束）时间
if recall=‘0’ then//无重拨信号
if flag1=‘1’ then
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=clock1;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=clock2;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=clock3;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
4.输出号码
- if recall=‘1’ then//重拨信号
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
end case；
set->x;x->smg
process(set)
BEGIN
case set is
when "0000"=>x<="1111110";
when "0001"=>x<="0110000";
when "0010"=>x<="1101101";
when "0011"=>x<="1111001";
when "0100"=>x<="0110011";
when "0101"=>x<="1011011";
when "0110"=>x<="1011111";
when "0111"=>x<="1110000";
when "1000"=>x<="1111111";
when "1001"=>x<="1110011";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
end process;
smg<=x;
输出总代码在下文
五：特别模块的实现
1.原始的动态扫描代码（老师给的，也是我代码的思路源泉）
lIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.all;
Entity led is
Port(clk: IN STD_LOGIC;
ledag:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 downto 0);
Bt:OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 downto 0) );
End led;
Architecture arc of led Is
Signal cnt8: integer range 0 to 7;
Signal a:integer range 0 to 7;
--Signal clk_tmp:STD_LOGIC;
Begin
P1:process(cnt8)
Begin
case cnt8 IS
when 0=> BT<="11111110";A<=0;
when 1=> BT<="11111101";A<=1;
when 2=> BT<="11111011";A<=2;
when 3=> BT<="11110111";A<=3;
when 4=> BT<="11101111";A<=4;
when 5=> BT<="11011111";A<=5;
when 6=> BT<="10111111";A<=6;
when 7=> BT<="01111111";A<=7;
when others=>NULL;
End case;
end process p1;
P2:process(clk)
Begin
if clk'event and clk='1' then
if cnt8=7 then
cnt8<=0;
else cnt8<=cnt8+1;
end if;
end if;
End process P2;
P3:process(A)
Begin
Case A Is
when 0 => ledag <="11111100";--`0
when 1 => ledag <="01100000";--ʾ1
when 2 => ledag <="11011010";--ʾ2
when 3 => ledag <="11110010";--ʾ3
when 4 => ledag <="01100110";--ʾ4
when 5 => ledag <="10110110";--ʾ5
when 6 => ledag <="10111110";--ʾ6
when 7 => ledag <="11100000";--ʾ7
when others => null;
End case;
End Process P3;
End arc;
2.时钟的分频（我想得到1s和10s的时钟信号，计数器）
代码：
clk2(10s)
process(clk)
variable count_3:integer range 0 to 1000;
Begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if count_3=50 then
count_3:=0;
clk2_temp<=not clk2_temp;
else
count_3:=count_3+1;
end if;
end if;
End process;
clk2<=clk2_temp;
clk1(1s)
process(clk2)
variable count_2:integer range 0 to 1000;
Begin
if rising_edge(clk2) then
if count_2=10 then
count_2:=0;
clk1_temp<=not clk1_temp;
else
count_2:=count_2+1;
end if;
end if;
End process;
clk1<=clk1_temp;
3.输入的防抖（计数器）
BCD码进入寄存器(判断key信号并不是key1信号)
key1<=(k(0)and k(1)and k(2)and k(3)and k(4)and k(5)and k(6));
process(clk,k)
variable count_1:integer range 0 to 100000;
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if count_1<25 then
count_1:=count_1+1;
else
count_1:=count_1;
end if;
if count_1<=24 then
key<=key;
else
key<=key1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
4显示正在通话的时间
秒是通过一个十进制计数器（有向高的进位）和六进制计数器（有向高的进位和来自低的进位）组成的
process(clk2,timer)
begin
if timer='1' then
if clk2'event and clk2='1' then
if q01<9 then q01<=q01+1;
else q01<="0000";
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(q01)
begin
if q01="1001" then
c1<='1';
else c1<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(c1)
begin
if c1='1' then q02<=q02+1;end if;
if q02="0110" then q02<="0000";end if;
end process;
process(q02)
begin
if q02="0110" then
c2<='1';
else c2<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(c2)
begin
if c2='1' then q11<=q11+1;end if;
end process;
显示
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=q01;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=q02;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=q11;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
5.显示通话（已完成）的时间（锁存器）
process(flag1,clk)
begin
if clk'event and clk='1' then
IF flag1='0' THEN
clock1<=q01;
clock2<=q02;
clock3<=q11;
end if;
end if;
end process;
显示
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=clock1;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=clock2;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=clock3;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
小缺点
缺点：
-
k7作为recall重拨信号，如果在拨号码时按了k7，就会跳过计时阶段，数码管直接显示刚刚按的号码
-
没有设计复位功能，一旦出错必须重新下载到板子上
完整代码
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
entity tset2 is
port(k:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
clk:in std_logic;
clk9:in std_logic;
smg:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);
sel:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
led:out std_logic;
a1:in std_logic;
a2:in std_logic);
end tset2;
architecture one of tset2 is
signal x:std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);
signal BCD:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal set:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal key:std_logic;
signal key1:std_logic;
type array1 is array(7 downto 0)of std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal array2 :array1;
Signal cnt: integer range 0 to 7:=0;
Signal cntt: integer range 0 to 9;
signal b1:std_logic:='1';
signal led_test:std_logic;
signal clk1:std_logic;
signal clk2:std_logic;
signal clk1_temp:std_logic;
signal clk2_temp:std_logic;
signal timer:std_logic:='0';
signal q01:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal q02:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal q11:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal clock1:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal clock2:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal clock3:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal c1:std_logic;
signal c2:std_logic;
signal flag:std_logic:='0';
signal flag1:std_logic:='0';
signal recall:std_logic:='0';
signal recall_temp:std_logic:='0';
begin
process(k)
Begin
if k(0)='0' then BCD<="0000";
elsif k(1)='0' then BCD<="0001";
elsif k(2)='0' then BCD<="0010";
elsif k(3)='0' then BCD<="0011";
elsif k(4)='0' then BCD<="0100";
elsif k(5)='0' then BCD<="0101";
elsif k(6)='0' then BCD<="0110";
else BCD<="0000";
end if;
if k(7)='0' then recall_temp<='1';
else recall_temp<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(recall_temp)
begin
if recall_temp='1' then recall<='1';end if;
end process;
key1<=(k(0)and k(1)and k(2)and k(3)and k(4)and k(5)and k(6));
process(clk,k)
variable count_1:integer range 0 to 100000;
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if count_1<25 then
count_1:=count_1+1;
else
count_1:=count_1;
end if;
if count_1<=24 then
key<=key;
else
key<=key1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(key,b1)
begin
if b1='0' then
array2(7)<= "0000";
array2(6)<= "0000";
array2(5)<= "0000";
array2(4)<= "0000";
array2(3)<= "0000";
array2(2)<= "0000";
array2(1)<= "0000";
array2(0)<= "0000";
cntt<=0;
else
if falling_edge(key) then
array2(7)<= array2(6);
array2(6)<= array2(5);
array2(5)<= array2(4);
array2(4)<= array2(3);
array2(3)<= array2(2);
array2(2)<= array2(1);
array2(1)<= array2(0);
array2(0)<= BCD;
cntt<=cntt+1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(clk9)
Begin
if clk9'event and clk9='1' then
if cnt=7 then
cnt<=0;
else cnt<=cnt+1;
end if;
end if;
End process;
process(clk)
variable count_3:integer range 0 to 1000;
Begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
if count_3=50 then
count_3:=0;
clk2_temp<=not clk2_temp;
else
count_3:=count_3+1;
end if;
end if;
End process;
clk2<=clk2_temp;
process(clk2)
variable count_2:integer range 0 to 1000;
Begin
if rising_edge(clk2) then
if count_2=10 then
count_2:=0;
clk1_temp<=not clk1_temp;
else
count_2:=count_2+1;
end if;
end if;
End process;
clk1<=clk1_temp;
process(cntt,clk1,a2)
begin
if cntt>=8 then
if a2='0' then
if clk1'event and clk1='1'then
b1<='0';
end if;
end if;
else
b1<='1';
end if;
end process;
process(cntt,a2)
begin
if flag1='1' then
led_test<='0';
else
if a2='1' then
if cntt>=8 then
led_test<=clk2;
timer<='1';
else
led_test<='0';
timer<='0';
end if;
end if;
if a2='0' then
if cntt>=8 then
led_test<='1';
timer<='0';
else
led_test<='0';
timer<='0';
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(timer)
begin
if timer='1' then flag<='1';
end if;
end process;
process(flag)
begin
flag1<='0';
if flag='1' then
if a1='0'then
flag1<='1';
end if;
if a2='0' then
flag1<='1';
end if;
else
flag1<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(clk2,timer)
begin
if timer='1' then
if clk2'event and clk2='1' then
if q01<9 then q01<=q01+1;
else q01<="0000";
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process(q01)
begin
if q01="1001" then
c1<='1';
else c1<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(c1)
begin
if c1='1' then q02<=q02+1;end if;
if q02="0110" then q02<="0000";end if;
end process;
process(q02)
begin
if q02="0110" then
c2<='1';
else c2<='0';
end if;
end process;
process(c2)
begin
if c2='1' then q11<=q11+1;end if;
end process;
process(flag1,clk)
begin
if clk'event and clk='1' then
IF flag1='0' THEN
clock1<=q01;
clock2<=q02;
clock3<=q11;
end if;
end if;
end process;
led<=led_test;
process(cnt,a1,timer)
Begin
if recall='0' then
if flag1='0' then
if timer='0' and flag='0'then
if a1='0' then
sel<="11111111";
else
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
End case;
end if;
end if;
if timer='1' then
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=q01;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=q02;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=q11;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
end if;
else-----flag1=1
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=clock1;sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=clock2;sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=clock3;sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<="0000";sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<="0000";sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<="0000";sel<="11011111";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
end if;
end if;
if recall='1' then
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
End case;
end if;
end process;
process(set)
BEGIN
case set is
when "0000"=>x<="1111110";
when "0001"=>x<="0110000";
when "0010"=>x<="1101101";
when "0011"=>x<="1111001";
when "0100"=>x<="0110011";
when "0101"=>x<="1011011";
when "0110"=>x<="1011111";
when "0111"=>x<="1110000";
when "1000"=>x<="1111111";
when "1001"=>x<="1110011";
when others=>NULL;
end case;
end process;
smg<=x;
end one;
end case;
end if;
end if;
if recall='1' then
case cnt IS
when 0=> set<=array2(0);sel<="11111110";
when 1=> set<=array2(1);sel<="11111101";
when 2=> set<=array2(2);sel<="11111011";
when 3=> set<=array2(3);sel<="11110111";
when 4=> set<=array2(4);sel<="11101111";
when 5=> set<=array2(5);sel<="11011111";
when 6=> set<=array2(6);sel<="10111111";
when 7=> set<=array2(7);sel<="01111111";
when others=>NULL;
End case;
end if;
end process;
process(set)
BEGIN
case set is
when “0000”=>x<=“1111110”;
when “0001”=>x<=“0110000”;
when “0010”=>x<=“1101101”;
when “0011”=>x<=“1111001”;
when “0100”=>x<=“0110011”;
when “0101”=>x<=“1011011”;
when “0110”=>x<=“1011111”;
when “0111”=>x<=“1110000”;
when “1000”=>x<=“1111111”;
when “1001”=>x<=“1110011”;
when others=>NULL;
end case;
end process;
smg<=x;
end one;
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