二叉树..

前中后序非递归实现通用代码：

LinkedList<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();

TreeNode curr = root; // 代表当前节点
TreeNode pop = null; // 最近一次弹栈的元素
while (curr != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
    if (curr != null) {
        colorPrintln("前: " + curr.val, 31);
        stack.push(curr); // 压入栈，为了记住回来的路
        curr = curr.left;
    } else {
        TreeNode peek = stack.peek();
        // 右子树可以不处理, 对中序来说, 要在右子树处理之前打印
        if (peek.right == null) {
            colorPrintln("中: " + peek.val, 36);
            pop = stack.pop();
            colorPrintln("后: " + pop.val, 34);
        }
        // 右子树处理完成, 对中序来说, 无需打印
        else if (peek.right == pop) {
            pop = stack.pop();
            colorPrintln("后: " + pop.val, 34);
        }
        // 右子树待处理, 对中序来说, 要在右子树处理之前打印
        else {
            colorPrintln("中: " + peek.val, 36);
            curr = peek.right;
        }
    }
}

public static void colorPrintln(String origin, int color) {
    System.out.printf("\033[%dm%s\033[0m%n", color, origin);
}

1. 对称二叉树-力扣 101 题

public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {
    return check(root.left, root.right);
}

public boolean check(TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
    // 若同时为 null
    if (left == null && right == null) {
        return true;
    }
    // 若有一个为 null (有上一轮筛选，另一个肯定不为 null)
    if (left == null || right == null) {
        return false;
    }
    if (left.val != right.val) {
        return false;
    }
    return check(left.left, right.right) && check(left.right, right.left);
}

2. 二叉树最大深度-力扣 104 题

思路：左右根

public int maxDepth(TreeNode node) {
    if (node == null) {
        return 0; // 非力扣题目改为返回 -1
    }
    int d1 = maxDepth(node.left);
    int d2 = maxDepth(node.right);
    return Integer.max(d1, d2) + 1;
}

非递归实现：思路：使用非递归后序遍历, 栈的最大高度即为最大深度

/*
    思路：
    1. 使用非递归后序遍历, 栈的最大高度即为最大深度
 */
public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
    TreeNode curr = root;
    LinkedList<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();
    int max = 0;
    TreeNode pop = null;
    while (curr != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
        if (curr != null) {
            stack.push(curr);
            int size = stack.size();
            if (size > max) {
                max = size;
            }
            curr = curr.left;
        } else {
            TreeNode peek = stack.peek();
            if(peek.right == null || peek.right == pop) {
                pop = stack.pop();
            } else {
                curr = peek.right;
            }
        }
    }
    return max;
}

实现方式三：层序遍历：思路：使用层序遍历, 层数即最大深度

/*
    思路：
    1. 使用层序遍历, 层数即最大深度
 */
public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
    if(root == null) {
        return 0;
    }
    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
    queue.offer(root);
    int level = 0;
    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
        level++;
        int size = queue.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            TreeNode node = queue.poll();
            if (node.left != null) {
                queue.offer(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                queue.offer(node.right);
            }
        }
    }
    return level;
}

3. 二叉树最小深度-力扣 111 题

思路：后续遍历

public int minDepth(TreeNode node) {
    if (node == null) {
        return 0;
    }
    int d1 = minDepth(node.left);
    int d2 = minDepth(node.right);
    if (d1 == 0 || d2 == 0) {
        return d1 + d2 + 1;
    }
    return Integer.min(d1, d2) + 1;
}

解法二 ：层序遍历，遇到的第一个叶子节点所在的层数就是树的最小深度。
效率会高于之前后序遍历解法，因为找到第一个叶子节点后，就无需后续的层序遍历了

public int minDepth(TreeNode root) {
    if(root == null) {
        return 0;
    }
    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
    queue.offer(root);
    int level = 0;
    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
        level++;
        int size = queue.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            TreeNode node = queue.poll();
            if (node.left == null && node.right == null) {
                return level;
            }
            if (node.left != null) {
                queue.offer(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                queue.offer(node.right);
            }
        }
    }
    return level;
}

4. 翻转二叉树-力扣 226 题

思路：根左右，递归左右之前先交换再递归，前序遍历

class Solution {
    public TreeNode invertTree(TreeNode root) {
        fn(root);
        return root;
    }

    private void fn(TreeNode node){
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        TreeNode t = node.left;
        node.left = node.right;
        node.right = t;
        fn(node.left);
        fn(node.right);
    }
}

5. 后缀表达式转二叉树

思路：后续表达式遇到数字就压栈，遇到运算符就将栈中两个元素出栈，先出栈的为右孩子，后出栈的为左孩子，并吧运算符压栈。

public TreeNode constructExpressionTree(String[] tokens) {
    LinkedList<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();
    for (String t : tokens) {
        switch (t) {
            case "+", "-", "*", "/" -> { // 运算符
                TreeNode right = stack.pop();
                TreeNode left = stack.pop();
                TreeNode parent = new TreeNode(t);
                parent.left = left;
                parent.right = right;
                stack.push(parent);
            }
            default -> { // 数字
                stack.push(new TreeNode(t));
            }
        }
    }
    return stack.peek();
}

6. 根据前序与中序遍历结果构造二叉树-力扣 105 题

思路：

• 先通过前序遍历结果定位根节点
• 再结合中序遍历结果切分左右子树

 public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preOrder, int[] inOrder) {
        if (preOrder.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        // 创建根节点
        int rootValue = preOrder[0];
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
        // 区分左右子树
        for (int i = 0; i < inOrder.length; i++) {
            if (inOrder[i] == rootValue) {
                // 0 ~ i-1 左子树
                // i+1 ~ inOrder.length -1 右子树
                int[] inLeft = Arrays.copyOfRange(inOrder, 0, i); // [4,2]
                int[] inRight = Arrays.copyOfRange(inOrder, i + 1, inOrder.length); // [6,3,7]

                int[] preLeft = Arrays.copyOfRange(preOrder, 1, i + 1); // [2,4]
                int[] preRight = Arrays.copyOfRange(preOrder, i + 1, inOrder.length); // [3,6,7]

                root.left = buildTree(preLeft, inLeft); // 2
                root.right = buildTree(preRight, inRight); // 3
                break;
            }
        }
        return root;
    }

}

7. 根据中序与后序遍历结果构造二叉树-力扣 106 题

思路：

• 先通过后序遍历结果定位根节点
• 再结合中序遍历结果切分左右子树

public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inOrder, int[] postOrder) {
    if (inOrder.length == 0) {
        return null;
    }
    // 根
    int rootValue = postOrder[postOrder.length - 1];
    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(rootValue);
    // 切分左右子树
    for (int i = 0; i < inOrder.length; i++) {
        if (inOrder[i] == rootValue) {
            int[] inLeft = Arrays.copyOfRange(inOrder, 0, i);
            int[] inRight = Arrays.copyOfRange(inOrder, i + 1, inOrder.length);

            int[] postLeft = Arrays.copyOfRange(postOrder, 0, i);
            int[] postRight = Arrays.copyOfRange(postOrder, i, postOrder.length - 1);

            root.left = buildTree(inLeft, postLeft);
            root.right = buildTree(inRight, postRight);
            break;
        }
    }
    return root;
}