SQL练习—— 部门工资前三高的所有员工

表: Employee

+--------------+---------+
| Column Name  | Type    |
+--------------+---------+
| id           | int     |
| name         | varchar |
| salary       | int     |
| departmentId | int     |
+--------------+---------+
id 是该表的主键列(具有唯一值的列)。
departmentId 是 Department 表中 ID 的外键（reference 列）。

表：Department

+-------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type    |
+-------------+---------+
| id          | int     |
| name        | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
id 是该表的主键列(具有唯一值的列)。
该表的每一行表示部门ID和部门名。

 

公司的主管们感兴趣的是公司每个部门中谁赚的钱最多。一个部门的 高收入者 是指一个员工的工资在该部门的 不同 工资中 排名前三 。

编写解决方案，找出每个部门中 收入高的员工 。

以 任意顺序 返回结果表。

返回结果格式如下所示。

输入: 
Employee 表:
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| id | name  | salary | departmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department  表:
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | IT    |
| 2  | Sales |
+----+-------+
输出: 
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释:
在IT部门:
- Max的工资最高
- 兰迪和乔都赚取第二高的独特的薪水
- 威尔的薪水是第三高的

在销售部:
- 亨利的工资最高
- 山姆的薪水第二高
- 没有第三高的工资，因为只有两名员工

 第一步，我们可以先将所要求的信息展示出来

select 
    dep.name as Department,
    emp.name as Employee,
    Salary
from 
    employee emp inner join department dep
on emp.departmentId = dep.id

第二步，求部门工资前三高的员工

公司里前 3 高的薪水意味着有不超过 3 个工资比这些值大

select *
from (
         select distinct salary ,emp2.departmentid
         from employee emp2
         where emp2.departmentid = 1 #部门id = 1 时前三高的工资
         order by salary desc limit 3
     ) as s

第三步，将第二步作为第一步的子查询查询满足条件的数据可求出各部门工资前三高的员工

 

select 
    dep.name as Department,
    emp.name as Employee,
    Salary
from 
    employee emp inner join department dep
on emp.departmentId = dep.id
where salary in (
    select salary 
    from (
        select distinct salary
        from employee emp2
        where emp2.departmentid = dep.id #将第二步中固定id替换为部门id
        order by salary desc
        limit 3
        ) as s
    )