4.1-互评-OO之继承与static-阅读EmployeeTest.java代码

一. 论述题（共1题，5分）

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program tests the Employee class.
 * @version 1.11 2004-02-19
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EmployeeTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // fill the staff array with three Employee objects
      Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];

      staff[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
      staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);

      // raise everyone's salary by 5%
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

      // print out information about all Employee objects
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
               + e.getHireDay());
   }
}

class Employee
{
   public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      name = n;
      salary = s;
      GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day);
      // GregorianCalendar uses 0 for January
      hireDay = calendar.getTime();
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public Date getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private Date hireDay;
}

package java8time;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

public class Java8DateTimeTest {
	public static boolean isMondayToFriday(){
		LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
		DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = now.getDayOfWeek();
		System.out.println(dayOfWeek);
		if(dayOfWeek!=DayOfWeek.SATURDAY && dayOfWeek!=DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)
			return true;
		return false;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.of(0, 0,0);//无时区概念
		System.out.println(localTime);
		LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(1998, 10, 31);
		System.out.println(localDate);
		ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(localDate,localTime,ZoneId.of("Asia/Shanghai"));//有时区概念
		System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
		
		System.out.println(zonedDateTime.toEpochSecond());机器观点当前秒数
		System.out.println(zonedDateTime.toInstant());
		System.out.println(zonedDateTime.toInstant().toEpochMilli());//机器观点当前毫秒数
		
		System.out.println(LocalTime.now());//当前时间，当前系统默认时区
		System.out.println(LocalDate.now());//当前日期，当前系统默认时区
		System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now());//当前日期与时间，当前系统默认时区
		LocalDate nowDate = LocalDate.now();
		LocalTime nowTime = LocalTime.now();
		System.out.println(OffsetDateTime.of(nowDate, nowTime, ZoneOffset.UTC));//
		System.out.println(OffsetDateTime.now().toEpochSecond());
		
		System.out.println("Year, YearMonth, Month, MonthDay");
		
		System.out.println("TemporalAmount");
		String pattern = "E MM/dd/yyyy";
		System.out.println(LocalDate.of(1989, 9, 22).plusDays(5).plusMonths(6).plusWeeks(3).format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(pattern)));
		
		System.out.println(isMondayToFriday());
		
		Duration thirtyDay = Duration.ofDays(30);
        System.out.println(thirtyDay.toString());
		
	}
}

1. (论述题, 5分)

尝试阅读EmployeeTest.java代码。并回答:
1. raiseSalary方法有什么用?

用来计算涨工资后的工资的。用处：可以在批量更新员工的工资的时候使用。

在上面代码中即计算员工涨了5%后的工资。

2. 代码中3个Employee对象调用raiseSalary方法所执行的代码一样吗?返回结果一样吗?为什么?

执行的代码一样，均调用了e.raiseSalary方法。返回结果不一样，因为3个Employee对象本身的工资（salary）就不一样，在都增加了5%后的薪水后，返回的薪水值还是不一样，但是执行的代码时一样的。

3. 能不能将raiseSalary定义为static?结合该例子,你觉得一般来说什么样的方法应该声明为static?

不能。因为static方法不能调用非静态属性。若将raiseSalary定义为static会出现如图所示的报错

 若依照提示将salary也定义为static运行后则会出现如下图所示的错误结果

由图可知，三个对象的薪水都变成了相同的结果。因为salary先是变成了staff[2]中的40000，最后再变成46305.0，最后的结果都变成了46305.0。raise和salary的变化对应如下：

raise=2000.0        //40000*0.05
salary=42000.0      //40000+2000.0
raise=2100.0        
salary=44100.0
raise=2205.0
salary=46305.0

所以不能将raiseSalary定义为static。

用static修饰的方法可以用 类名.方法 直接调用，不用的一定要先实例化一个对象然后才可以调用。需要调用静态属性时可以调用静态方法。经常用到的方法，可以声明为static，这样省去了每次new对象的内存空间，因为非static方法，需要new对象（实例化对象）才能调用此方法。声明为static的变量实质上就是全局变量。

4. 进阶要求:使用Java8中的日期类,替换掉Employee类中的hireDay。参考代码见Java8DateTimeTest.java。