1、多线程
1.1、线程、进程、多线程
1.1.1、线程(Thread)
-
线程就是独立的执行路径。
-
线程是CPU调度和执行的单位。
1.1.2、进程(Process)
1.1.3、多线程
-
多线程是实现并发机制的一种有效手段。进程和线程一样,都是实现并发的一个基本单位。
-
真多线程:存在多个CPU,即多核。
-
假多线程:即在一个CPU的情况下,在同一个时间点,CPU在能执行一个代码,因为切换的很快,所以就有同时执行的错觉。
1.1.4、核心概念
-
线程就是独立的执行路径
-
在程序运行时,即使没有直接创建的线程,后台也有多个线程,如主线程,gc线程。
-
main(),称之为主线程,为系统的入口,用于执行整个程序。
-
在一个进程中,如果开辟了多个线程,线程的运作由调度器安排调度,调度器是与操作系统紧密相关的,先后顺序是不能人为干预的。
-
对同一份资源操作时,会存在资源抢夺问题,需要加入并发控制。
-
线程会带来额外的开销,如CPU调度时间,并发控制开销。
-
每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当也会造成数据不一致。
-
1.2、线程创建
1.2.1、三种创建方式
1、Thread class:继承Thread类(重点)
//创建线程方法一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
//总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由cup调度执行
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
// 创建一个线程对象
TestThread01 thread01 = new TestThread01();
// 调用run方法,执行run方法再调用主函数内方法,符合正常逻辑运行
// thread01.run();
// 调用start()方法开启线程,双方共同交替执行
thread01.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在玩电脑"+i);
}
}
}
多线程图片下载,继承Thread方式
package com.zzt.thread;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
public class TestThread02 extends Thread {
private String url;//图片地址路径
private String name;//保存的照片文件名
public TestThread02(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载的图片为:"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-8/202289106197809.jpg","n1.jpg");
TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-6/2022624949163695.jpg","n2.jpg");
TestThread02 t3 = new TestThread02("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-6/2022617949497130.jpg","n3.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class WebDownloader {
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url, String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
2、Runnable接口:实现Runnable接口(重点)
1.通过继承Runnable接口,实现run方法的重写
package com.zzt.thread;
//创建线程方式二:实现runnable接口,重新run方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runable接口的实现类对象
TestThread03 testThread03 = new TestThread03();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
// Thread thread = new Thread(testThread03);
// thread.start();
new Thread(testThread03).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("我学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
练习:多个线程同时操纵一个对象,买火车票例子
package com.zzt.thread;
//多个线程同时操纵一个对象,买火车票例子
//多个线程操作同一个资源对象,线程不安全资源紊乱
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (ticketNums <= 0) {
break;
}
//模拟延迟
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张车票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread04 ticket = new TestThread04();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-xcsojTD7-1664342159947)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220918084431602.png)]
注:发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源对象,导致线程不安全资源紊乱
3、龟兔赛跑(多线程模拟延迟)
1.首先需要赛道距离,然后要离重点越来越近
2.判断比赛是否结束
3.打印胜利者
4.龟兔赛跑开始
5.模拟兔子睡觉
6.乌龟win
package com.zzt.demo;
public class Race implements Runnable{
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子睡觉
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i==50) {
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束,停止程序
if (flag) {
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断是否完成比赛
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断比赛是否有胜者
if (winner != null) {
return true;
}
if (steps >= 100) {
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+ winner);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-n18FJmdr-1664342159949)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220918090626742.png)]
4. Callable接口:实现Callable接口(了解)
1.继承Callable接口
2.重写Call方法
3.创建对象
4.创建执行服务
5.提交执行
6.获取结果
7.关闭服务
package com.zzt.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//1.继承Callable接口
//2.重写Call方法
//3.创建对象
//4.创建执行服务
//5.提交执行
//6.获取结果
//7.关闭服务
//创建方式三,实现callable接口
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;//图片地址路径
private String name;//保存的照片文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Boolean call() throws Exception {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载的图片为:"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-8/202289106197809.jpg","n1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-6/2022624949163695.jpg","n2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://p.qqan.com/up/2022-6/2022617949497130.jpg","n3.jpg");
//1.创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//2.提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//3.获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
//4.关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
1.2.3.静态代理
结婚例子
package com.zzt.staticdemo;
import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;
/**
* 静态代理总结
* 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
* 代理对象要代理真实对象
* 好处
* 代理对象可以做很多真实的对象做不了的对象
* 真实对象可以更加专注做自己的事情
*
*/
public class StaticProxy{
public static void main(String[] args) {
// new WebbingCompany(new You()).happyMarry();
You you = new You();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("我爱你");
}
}).start();
new WebbingCompany(new You()).happyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void happyMarry();
}
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void happyMarry() {
System.out.println("我要结婚了");
}
}
class WebbingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WebbingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void happyMarry() {
before();
this.target.happyMarry();
after();
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚前");
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚后");
}
}
- 静态代理总结
- 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
- 代理对象要代理真实对象
- 好处
- 代理对象可以做很多真实的对象做不了的对象
- 真实对象可以更加专注做自己的事情
1.2.4 Lambda表达式
1.3线程状态
1.3.1线程停止
package com.zzt.state;
/**测试stop
* 1.建议线程正常停止-->利用次数,不建议死循环
* 2.建议使用标记位-->设置一个标记位
* 3.不建议使用 stop或者destroy等过时或者jdk不推荐使用的方法
*/
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
// 1.设置一个标识位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
}
}
public void stop(){
//使flag=false 将该进程停止
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if (i==900) {
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("该线程停止");
}
}
}
}
1.3.2网络延迟
作用:放大事件问题的发生性,查询代码bug
package com.zzt.state;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 打印当前系统时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取当前系统时间
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前系统时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
int num=10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if (num <= 0) {
break;
}
}
}
}
1.3.3礼让
代码理解
package com.zzt.state;
//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功
public class TestYieId {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程执行结束");
}
}
礼让结果:
礼让成功:
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-VYcGIGN4-1664342159950)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220924113519056.png)]
礼让失败:
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-M7sP4Abj-1664342159951)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220924113441300.png)]
注:礼让不一定成功
目的:更好的调度资源
1.3.4 Join
- Join合并线程,待线程执行完成后,在执行其他线程,使其他线程阻塞,可以理解为插队
代码:
package com.zzt.state;
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("vip线程"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
if (i == 20) {
thread.join();
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
在i=20之前必定跑完线程任务。
1.3.5监视线程状态
五大状态:new(未启动)、RUNNABLE(执行中)、TIMED_WAITING(阻塞)、TERMINATED(线程结束)、die(线程死亡)
package com.zzt.state;
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("///");
}
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//new
//观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//run
//观察停止后
while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-i0uN53Do-1664342159951)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927163900698.png)]
1.5.6线程优先级
public static final int MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
public static final int NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
public static final int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
优先级高的并不一定先执行,只是有资源被调度的概率低
package com.zzt.state;
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//设置优先级后启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(2);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(6);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(10);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-eR11cVbo-1664342159952)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927165447575.png)]
注:线程优先级默认为5
1.5.7守护线程
守护线程在运行线程结束后自动关闭,(关闭需要时间延迟,可能运行线程关闭后还会运行一定时间)
package com.zzt.state;
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认为false 表示用户线程,正常线程都是用户线程
thread.start();//守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//用户线程启动
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑你"+ ++i);
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("开心的活着"+i);
}
System.out.println("goodbye world!");
}
}
1.4线程同步
1.4.1线程同步机制
并发:多个线程操纵同一个资源时会触发。
解决并发问题:需要队列,锁
以性能换安全
如果优先级高的等待优先级低的线程释放锁,就会出现性能导致问题,引发性能问题。
1.4.2三大不安全示例
1.4.2.1不安全买票
package com.zzt.syn;
//不安全买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"a").start();
new Thread(station,"b").start();
new Thread(station,"c").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums <= 0) {
return;
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-y0scZvTm-1664342159953)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927181257916.png)]
资源相互占用
1.4.2.2不安全取钱
package com.zzt.syn;
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Draw draw1 = new Draw(account,50,"你");
Draw draw2 = new Draw(account,100,"女朋友");
draw1.start();
draw2.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行
class Draw extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
int nowMoney;//现在手上的钱
public Draw (Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//手上的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"账户余额为"+account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-jPRlhhUe-1664342159953)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927191033933.png)]
1.4.2.3不安全数组存放
package com.zzt.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i=0;i<10000;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-AVciarjQ-1664342159954)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927191147945.png)]
1.4.3同步方法,同步块
synchronized代码块
将其给需要修改的资源进行封装处理
1.4.2.1安全买票
package com.zzt.syndemo;
//不安全买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"a").start();
new Thread(station,"b").start();
new Thread(station,"c").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums <= 0) {
return;
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-9AbB0DPs-1664342159954)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927193104786.png)]
资源相互占用
1.4.2.2安全取钱
package com.zzt.syndemo;
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Draw draw1 = new Draw(account,50,"你");
Draw draw2 = new Draw(account,100,"女朋友");
draw1.start();
draw2.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行
class Draw extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
int nowMoney;//现在手上的钱
public Draw (Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//卡内余额
synchronized(account){
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//手上的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
System.out.println(account.name+"账户余额为"+account.money);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-JkbGAuj4-1664342159955)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927193146554.png)]
1.4.2.2安全数组存放
package com.zzt.syndemo;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i=0;i<10000;i++){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-JPUifX1k-1664342159961)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927193222893.png)]
1.4.4死锁
package com.zzt.thread;
//死锁:多个线程互相占用着彼此需要用的资源,然后互相形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup m1 = new Makeup(0,"a");
Makeup m2 = new Makeup(0,"b");
m1.start();
m2.start();
}
}
class Mirror{
}
class Lipstick{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要资源只要一份
static Lipstick lipstick=new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();
int choice;
String name;
public Makeup(int choice,String name){
this.choice=choice;
this.name=name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
else {
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
synchronized (lipstick){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
死锁产生的条件:
- 互斥条件:一个资源每次只能被一个进程进行调度
- 请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放
- 不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强行剥夺
- 循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系
1.4.5Lock锁
通过显示定义同步锁对象来实现同步,同步锁使用Lock对象充当
package com.zzt.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums=10;
//定义Lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//加锁
lock.lock();
if (ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else {
break;
}
} finally {
//解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
1.4.6生产者消费者
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-pP9hvjyy-1664342159962)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927210524042.png)]
1.4.7管程法
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-0MYSll7t-1664342159962)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220927210639562.png)]
代码:
package com.zzt.Test;
import java.sql.Connection;
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
new Productor(synContainer).start();
new Consumer(synContainer).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer (SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.pop();
System.out.println("消费了第"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
class Chicken{
int id;
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
class SynContainer {
int count = 0;//容器计数器
//需要容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了则通知消费者,生产等待
if (count==chickens.length){
// 通知消费者,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 如果没满者继续生产,向缓存区投放
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断消费者能否消费
if (count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
1.4.8信号灯法
标记flag表示生产者/消费者在规定符合内该干什么事情,效率慢,安全高
package com.zzt.Test;
//通过标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者 演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv = new TV();
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i%2==0){
this.tv.play("a节目");
}else {
this.tv.play("b节目");
}
}
}
}
//消费者 观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv= new TV();
public Watcher(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品
class TV{
// 演员表演,观众等待 T
// 观众观看,演员等待 F
boolean flag=true;
String voice;//表演的节目
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if (!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
public synchronized void watch(){
if (flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-rMsezVsJ-1664342159963)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220928125432856.png)]
1.4.9线程池
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-cnQdVyOz-1664342159963)(C:\Users\123\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220928125453660.png)]
代码
package com.zzt.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestTool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1.创建服务,创建线程池
// newFixedThreadPool 创建对象使用Executors.newFixedThreadPool方法属性 线程池大小有10个
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行线程
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
// 2.关闭线程池
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
1.5总结
-
线程创建
-
继承Thread类
-
实现runnable接口(重点)
-
实现Callable接口
-
2.线程状态(重点)
- 线程停止
- 线程延迟
- 线程礼让
- 线程插队
- 线程监视
- 线程优先级
- 守护线程
- 线程同步
- 死锁
- Lock锁
- 消费者生产者问题(重点)