移动开发课程-作业三

 一、设计目标

Contentprovider是安卓四大组件之一， 请使用其方法类进行数据获取。
 

二、功能说明

ContentProvider（内容提供者）属于Android的四大组件之一，主要用于进程间的数据交互和共享，即跨进程通信。Contentprovider没有Activity复杂的生命周期，只有简单的onCreate过程。ContentProviders 是以类似数据库中表的方式将数据暴露，也就是说 ContentProvider 就像一个“数据库”只不过是采用 URI 来表示外界需要访问的“数据库”。 
ContentProvider是一个抽象类，要继承ContentProvider，需实现实现以下6个抽象：

insert(Uri, ContentValues)	插入新数据
delete(Uri, String, String[])	删除已有数据
update(Uri, ContentValues, String, String[])	更新数据
query(Uri, String[], String, String[], String)	查询数据
onCreate()	执行初始化工作
getType(Uri)	获取数据MIME类型

具体方法：使用两个APP进行实验。先新建一个项目Myprovider其中包含一个 MyContentProvider 类用于共享该APP的数据，然后另外新建一个项目 MyResolver ，借助 ContentResolver 类访问Myprovider中共享的数据，实现对Myprovider项目的数据库的修改。

三、代码解析

APP1:ContentProvider

新建一个项目Myprovider其中包含一个 MyContentProvider 类用于共享该APP的数据，新建MyContentProvider 类的方法是com.example.myprovider>new>other>Content Provider 新建后MyContentProvider.java

package com.example.myprovider;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;

public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
    public MyContentProvider() {
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        // Implement this to handle requests to delete one or more rows.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests for the MIME type of the data
        // at the given URI.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        // TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                        String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle query requests from clients.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                      String[] selectionArgs) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to update one or more rows.
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
    }
}

新建Java类MyDBHelper，继承SQLiteOpenHelper类，实现onCreate和onUpgrade方法，用来管理数据库的创建和版本的更新。

package com.example.myprovider;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class MyDBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    public MyDBHelper(@Nullable Context context, @Nullable String name, @Nullable SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, name, factory, version);
        Log.d("hax", "MyDBHelper is running...");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL("create table student (id integer primary key autoincrement,name varchar(20),age integer)");
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {

    }
}

新建一个MyDAO类，用来封装对数据库表的增、删、改、查操作。

package com.example.myprovider;

import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;

public class MyDAO {
    private Context context;
    private SQLiteDatabase database;

    public MyDAO(Context context){
        this.context = context;
        MyDBHelper dbHelper = new MyDBHelper(context,"haxDB",null,1);
        database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
    }


    public Uri haxInsert(ContentValues values){
        long rowId = database.insert("student",null,values);
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://lc.provider1/student");

        Uri insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,rowId);
        context.getContentResolver().notifyChange(insertUri,null);
        return insertUri;
    }
}

在MyContentProvider 类的onCreate()方法中创建MyDAO实例并调用其构造方法，完成对数据库及student表的初始化创建。

	@Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        // TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
        context = getContext();
        myDAO = new MyDAO(context);
        return false;
    }

并重写insert()方法调用已封装好的haxInsert()方法

@Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        // TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
        return myDAO.haxInsert(values);
    }

APP2:MyResolver

新建一个项目 MyResolver ，借助 ContentResolver 类访问Myprovider中共享的数据

package com.example.myresolver;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn_resolver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btn_resolver = findViewById(R.id.btn_resolver);

        ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://hax.provider1/student");

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name","lc");
        values.put("age",20);

        btn_resolver.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                resolver.insert(uri,values);
            }
        });
    }
}

在该项目的AndroidManifest.xml文件中，添加queries以授权应用之间的交互。

	<queries>
        <package android:name="com.example.myprovider"></package>
    </queries>

添加点击按钮

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="resolver"
        android:textSize="40sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.323" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_resolver"
        android:layout_width="114dp"
        android:layout_height="68dp"
        android:text="Start"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.257" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

四、运行结果

点击按钮向MyProvider中的student表插入一条数据

 

五、仓库地址

https://gitee.com/hax666/contentprovider