一、设计目标
Contentprovider是安卓四大组件之一, 请使用其方法类进行数据获取。
二、功能说明
ContentProvider(内容提供者)属于Android的四大组件之一,主要用于进程间的数据交互和共享,即跨进程通信。Contentprovider没有Activity复杂的生命周期,只有简单的onCreate过程。ContentProviders 是以类似数据库中表的方式将数据暴露,也就是说 ContentProvider 就像一个“数据库”只不过是采用 URI 来表示外界需要访问的“数据库”。
ContentProvider是一个抽象类,要继承ContentProvider,需实现实现以下6个抽象:
insert(Uri, ContentValues) | 插入新数据 |
delete(Uri, String, String[]) | 删除已有数据 |
update(Uri, ContentValues, String, String[]) | 更新数据 |
query(Uri, String[], String, String[], String) | 查询数据 |
onCreate() | 执行初始化工作 |
getType(Uri) | 获取数据MIME类型 |
具体方法:使用两个APP进行实验。先新建一个项目Myprovider其中包含一个 MyContentProvider 类用于共享该APP的数据,然后另外新建一个项目 MyResolver ,借助 ContentResolver 类访问Myprovider中共享的数据,实现对Myprovider项目的数据库的修改。
三、代码解析
APP1:ContentProvider
新建一个项目Myprovider其中包含一个 MyContentProvider 类用于共享该APP的数据,新建MyContentProvider 类的方法是com.example.myprovider>new>other>Content Provider 新建后MyContentProvider.java
package com.example.myprovider;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
public MyContentProvider() {
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// Implement this to handle requests to delete one or more rows.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
// TODO: Implement this to handle requests for the MIME type of the data
// at the given URI.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
return false;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// TODO: Implement this to handle query requests from clients.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO: Implement this to handle requests to update one or more rows.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
}
新建Java类MyDBHelper,继承SQLiteOpenHelper类,实现onCreate和onUpgrade方法,用来管理数据库的创建和版本的更新。
package com.example.myprovider;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
public class MyDBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public MyDBHelper(@Nullable Context context, @Nullable String name, @Nullable SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
Log.d("hax", "MyDBHelper is running...");
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
sqLiteDatabase.execSQL("create table student (id integer primary key autoincrement,name varchar(20),age integer)");
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
}
}
新建一个MyDAO类,用来封装对数据库表的增、删、改、查操作。
package com.example.myprovider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
public class MyDAO {
private Context context;
private SQLiteDatabase database;
public MyDAO(Context context){
this.context = context;
MyDBHelper dbHelper = new MyDBHelper(context,"haxDB",null,1);
database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
}
public Uri haxInsert(ContentValues values){
long rowId = database.insert("student",null,values);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://lc.provider1/student");
Uri insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,rowId);
context.getContentResolver().notifyChange(insertUri,null);
return insertUri;
}
}
在MyContentProvider 类的onCreate()方法中创建MyDAO实例并调用其构造方法,完成对数据库及student表的初始化创建。
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO: Implement this to initialize your content provider on startup.
context = getContext();
myDAO = new MyDAO(context);
return false;
}
并重写insert()方法调用已封装好的haxInsert()方法
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO: Implement this to handle requests to insert a new row.
return myDAO.haxInsert(values);
}
APP2:MyResolver
新建一个项目 MyResolver ,借助 ContentResolver 类访问Myprovider中共享的数据
package com.example.myresolver;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btn_resolver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btn_resolver = findViewById(R.id.btn_resolver);
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://hax.provider1/student");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","lc");
values.put("age",20);
btn_resolver.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
resolver.insert(uri,values);
}
});
}
}
在该项目的AndroidManifest.xml文件中,添加queries以授权应用之间的交互。
<queries>
<package android:name="com.example.myprovider"></package>
</queries>
添加点击按钮
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="resolver"
android:textSize="40sp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.323" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_resolver"
android:layout_width="114dp"
android:layout_height="68dp"
android:text="Start"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.257" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
四、运行结果
点击按钮向MyProvider中的student表插入一条数据