Samba 的用法
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Linux 共享文件夹给 Windows 用户 你可以通过配置 Samba 使得 Linux 系统中的某个文件夹能够被 Windows 用户访问和操作。
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Windows 用户访问 Linux 上的共享文件夹 Samba 还允许 Windows 用户访问和修改 Linux 系统中共享的文件夹。
一、samba服务器端部署
1、安装samba软件
yum install -y samba
(11:16:12)[nfs root ~] # yum install -y samba
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package samba.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: samba-libs = 4.10.16-25.el7_9 for package: samba-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64
......
Installed:
samba.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
Dependency Installed:
avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7 cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-52.el7_9
gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-9.el7_6 libldb.x86_64 0:1.5.4-2.el7
libtalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.16-1.el7 libtdb.x86_64 0:1.3.18-1.el7
libtevent.x86_64 0:0.9.39-1.el7 libwbclient.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-9.el7_9 pyldb.x86_64 0:1.5.4-2.el7
pytalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.16-1.el7 python-tdb.x86_64 0:1.3.18-1.el7
samba-client-libs.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 samba-common.noarch 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
samba-common-libs.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 samba-common-tools.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
samba-libs.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7
Complete!
2、创建共享文件夹
(11:31:44)[nfs root ~] # mkdir /my_smb/
(11:32:04)[nfs root ~] #
3、修改samba配置文件（设置一个共享文件夹）
(11:20:02)[nfs root ~] # ls /etc/samba/
lmhosts smb.conf smb.conf.example
在配置文件最后添加如下配置
(11:20:45)[nfs root ~] # vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
(11:20:14)[nfs root ~] # tail -7 /etc/samba/smb.conf
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
write list = @printadmin root
force group = @printadmin
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
4、创建samba用户，并设置用户密码
注：samba也有用户认证机制，需要通过pdbedit命令设置samba的用户信息
pdbedit命令是给linux以及存在的用户，设置一个密码
(11:32:13)[nfs root ~] # useradd samba01
(11:32:15)[nfs root ~] #
使用pdbedit命令，给samba的用户设置密码
-a 添加smb用户
-u 指定用户名
(11:32:29)[nfs root ~] # pdbedit -a -u samba01
new password:
retype new password:
Unix username: samba01
NT username:
Account Flags: [U ]
User SID: S-1-5-21-3180717152-3660557076-3311746906-1000
Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-3180717152-3660557076-3311746906-513
Full Name:
Home Directory: \\nfs\samba01
HomeDir Drive:
Logon Script:
Profile Path: \\nfs\samba01\profile
Domain: NFS
Account desc:
Workstations:
Munged dial:
Logon time: 0
Logoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST
Kickoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST
Password last set: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:32:33 CST
Password can change: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:32:33 CST
Password must change: never
Last bad password : 0
Bad password count : 0
Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(11:32:33)[nfs root ~] #
5、修改smb共享文件夹权限
(11:32:51)[nfs root ~] # chown -R samba01:samba01 /my_smb/
6、共享目录下创建测试数据
(11:33:05)[nfs root ~] # cd /my_smb/
(11:33:10)[nfs root /my_smb] # touch test.txt
(11:33:22)[nfs root /my_smb] # echo "this is test" > test.txt
7、启动smb服务
(11:34:09)[nfs root ~] # systemctl start smb
(11:34:10)[nfs root ~] # systemctl status smb
● smb.service - Samba SMB Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-12-16 11:34:10 CST; 6s ago
Docs: man:smbd(8)
man:samba(7)
man:smb.conf(5)
Main PID: 1629 (smbd)
Status: "smbd: ready to serve connections..."
CGroup: /system.slice/smb.service
├─1629 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
├─1631 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
├─1632 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
└─1634 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
Dec 16 11:34:10 nfs systemd[1]: Starting Samba SMB Daemon...
Dec 16 11:34:10 nfs smbd[1629]: [2024/12/16 11:34:10.947574, 0] 8、验证进程、端口
(11:34:28)[nfs root ~] # netstat -tunlp|grep smb
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1629/smbd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:139 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1629/smbd
tcp6 0 0 :::445 :::* LISTEN 1629/smbd
tcp6 0 0 :::139 :::* LISTEN 1629/smbd
(11:34:29)[nfs root ~] #
(11:34:44)[nfs root ~] # ps -ef|grep smb
root 1629 1 0 11:34 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root 1631 1629 0 11:34 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root 1632 1629 0 11:34 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root 1634 1629 0 11:34 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
root 1644 1213 0 11:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto smb
二、samba客户端认证
1、Linux端安装
(14:08:08)[master root ~] # yum -y install samba-client
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package samba-client.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: samba-common-libs = 4.10.16-25.el7_9 for package: samba-client-4.10.16-25.el7_9.x86_64
......
Installed:
samba-client.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
Dependency Installed:
avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-20.el7 cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-52.el7_9
gnutls.x86_64 0:3.3.29-9.el7_6 libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-14.el7_7
libldb.x86_64 0:1.5.4-2.el7 libsmbclient.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
libtalloc.x86_64 0:2.1.16-1.el7 libtdb.x86_64 0:1.3.18-1.el7
libtevent.x86_64 0:0.9.39-1.el7 libwbclient.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
nettle.x86_64 0:2.7.1-9.el7_9 samba-client-libs.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
samba-common.noarch 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9 samba-common-libs.x86_64 0:4.10.16-25.el7_9
trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7
Complete!
2、命令连接samba
smbclient //10.0.0.31/smb_share -U samba01
# 输入samba01的密码即可
#进入后，输入 ? 查看samba提供的命令，也就是作用
(14:09:23)[master root ~] # smbclient //10.0.0.31/smb_share -U samba01
Enter SAMBA\samba01's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \>
smb: \> ?
? allinfo altname archive backup
blocksize cancel case_sensitive cd chmod
chown close del deltree dir
du echo exit get getfacl
geteas hardlink help history iosize
lcd link lock lowercase ls
l mask md mget mkdir
more mput newer notify open
posix posix_encrypt posix_open posix_mkdir posix_rmdir
posix_unlink posix_whoami print prompt put
pwd q queue quit readlink
rd recurse reget rename reput
rm rmdir showacls setea setmode
scopy stat symlink tar tarmode
timeout translate unlock volume vuid
wdel logon listconnect showconnect tcon
tdis tid utimes logoff ..
!
smb: \> exit
(14:10:41)[master root ~] #
上传文件和下载文件
客户端下载文件到本地
(14:22:10)[master root ~] # smbclient //10.0.0.31/smb_share -U samba01
Enter SAMBA\samba01's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> get test.txt
getting file \test.txt of size 13 as test.txt (0.7 KiloBytes/sec) (average 0.7 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \>
smb: \> exit
(14:22:54)[master root ~] # ls
anaconda-ks.cfg network.sh test.txt 电影.mv
(14:22:55)[master root ~] # ll
total 16
-rw-------. 1 root root 1349 Dec 2 16:13 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 719 Dec 3 14:19 network.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Dec 16 14:22 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 6 15:32 电影.mv
(14:22:57)[master root ~] # cat test.txt
this is test
客户端上传文件到服务端
(14:23:03)[master root ~] # smbclient //10.0.0.31/smb_share -U samba01
Enter SAMBA\samba01's password:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> put 电影.mv
putting file 电影.mv as \电影.mv (0.2 kb/s) (average 0.2 kb/s)
smb: \>
smb: \> exit
(14:25:27)[master root ~] #
(14:23:55)[nfs root /my_smb] # ls
test.txt
(14:23:56)[nfs root /my_smb] # ls
test.txt 电影.mv
(14:25:30)[nfs root /my_smb] #
3、Windows端连接samba
使用 windows的win快捷键+ r，打开运行窗口
输入\\10.0.0.31\smb_share
输入账号密码登录即可
可以看到已经访问到服务端共享目录了
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