基于Django的简单的学生管理系统

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已于 2024-06-19 22:56:41 修改

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文章标签： python django vue.js ajax

于 2024-04-21 23:17:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52236360/article/details/138048267

版权

一、项目概述

后端：Python，Django框架

前端：Vue，Element-ui

数据库：MySQL

使用工具：PyCharm，Visual Studio Code

二、效果展示

2.1: 主页面展示

2.2: 查看学生信息

2.3: 增加页面

2.4: 修改页面

2.5: 删除页面

三、数据库配置

3.1: 数据库连接(settings.py)

    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
        "NAME": 'studentbe',  //数据库名
        "USER": 'root',       //用户名称
        "PASSWORD": '123456',  //用户密码
        "HOST": '127.0.0.1',   //一般默认为127.0.0.1
        "POST": '3306'        //端口
    }

3.2: 数据库(models.py)

#Student: 学号，姓名，性别，出生日期，手机号码，邮箱住址，家庭住址，照片

class Student(models.Model):
     gender_choices = (('男','男'),('女','女'))
     sno = models.IntegerField(db_column="SNo",primary_key=True,null=False) #学号,不允许为空
     name = models.CharField(db_column="SName",max_length=100,null=False)  #姓名,最长为100
     gender = models.CharField(db_column="Gender",max_length=100,choices=gender_choices) #性别
     birthday =  models.DateField(db_column="Birthday",null=False)  #出生日期,不允许为空
     mobile = models.CharField(db_column="Mobile",max_length=100)   #手机号码
     email = models.CharField(db_column="Email",max_length=100)     #邮箱地址
     address = models.CharField(db_column="Address",max_length=200) #家庭住址
     image = models.CharField(db_column="Image",max_length=200,null=True)  #照片

#默认情况下生成的标名为:App_class,如果需要自定义表名,需要使用class Meta
     class Meta:
        managed = True
        db_table = "Student"

#_str_方法
     def _str_(self):
         return "学号：%s\t姓名：%s\t性别：%s" %(self.sno,self.name,self.gender)

3.3: 创建数据库

终端里输入

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

四、后端代码编写

4.1: view.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

# 引入Student的类
from student.models import Student
# 引入JsonResponse模块
from django.http import JsonResponse
# 导入json模块
import json
# 导入Q查询
from django.db.models import Q
# 导入settings
from django.conf import settings
# 导入os
import os
# 导入uuid类
import uuid
# 导入哈希库
import hashlib

import openpyxl

"""获取所有学生的信息"""
def get_student(request):
    try:
        # 使用ORM获取所有学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
        # 把结果转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code':1, 'data':students})
    except Exception as e:
        # 如果出现异常,返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': "获取学生信息出现异常,具体错误:" + str(e)})

"""查询学生信息"""
def query_students(request):
    # 接收传递过来的查询条件--- axios默认是json --- 字典类型('inputstr')-- data['inputstr']
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
    try:
        # 使用ORM获取满足条件的学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.filter(Q(sno__icontains=data['inputstr']) |
                                              Q(name__icontains=data['inputstr']) |
                                              Q(gender__icontains=data['inputstr']) |
                                              Q(mobile__icontains=data['inputstr']) |
                                              Q(email__icontains=data['inputstr']) |
                                              Q(address__icontains=data['inputstr'])).values()
        # 把外层的容器转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'data': students})
    except Exception as e:
        # 如果出现异常，返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': "查询学生信息出现异常，具体错误：" + str(e)})

"""判断学号是否存在"""
def is_exists_sno(request):
    # 接收传递过来的学号
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8'))
    # 进行校验
    try:
        obj_students = Student.objects.filter(sno=data['sno'])
        if obj_students.count() == 0:
            return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'exists': False})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'exists': True})
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg':"校验学号失败,具体原因：" + str(e)})

"""添加学生到数据库"""
def add_student(request):
    # 接收前端传递过来的值
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    try:
        # 添加到数据库
        obj_student = Student(sno=data['sno'],
                              name=data['name'],
                              gender=data['gender'],
                              birthday=data['birthday'],
                              mobile=data['mobile'],
                              email= data['email'],
                              address=data['address'],
                              image=data['image'])
        # 执行添加
        obj_student.save()
        # 使用ORM获取所有学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
        # 把外层的容器转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'data': students})
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code':0 , 'msg': "添加到数据库出现异常,具体原因:" + str(e)})

"""修改学生到数据库"""
def update_student(request):
    # 接收前端传递过来的值
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    try:
        # 查找到要修改的学生信息
        obj_student = Student.objects.get(sno=data['sno'])
        # 依次修改
        obj_student.name = data['name']
        obj_student.gender = data['gender']
        obj_student.birthday = data['birthday']
        obj_student.mobile = data['mobile']
        obj_student.email = data['email']
        obj_student.address = data['address']
        obj_student.image = data['image']
        # 保存
        obj_student.save()
        # 使用ORM获取所有学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
        # 把外层的容器转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'data': students})
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code':0 , 'msg': "修改保存到数据库出现异常,具体原因:" + str(e)})

"""删除一条学生信息"""
def delete_student(request):
    # 接收前端传递过来的值
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    try:
        # 查找到要修改的学生信息
        obj_student = Student.objects.get(sno=data['sno'])
        # 删除
        obj_student.delete()
        # 使用ORM获取所有学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
        # 把外层的容器转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'data': students})
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': "删除学生信息写入数据库出现异常,具体原因:" + str(e)})

"""批量删除学生信息"""
def delete_students(request):
    # 接收前端传递过来的值
    data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    try:
        # 遍历传递的集合
        for one_student in data['student']:
            # 查询当前记录
            obj_student = Student.objects.get(sno=one_student['sno'])
            # 执行删除
            obj_student.delete()
        # 使用ORM获取所有学生信息 并把对象转为字典格式
        obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
        # 把外层的容器转为List
        students = list(obj_students)
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'data': students})
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': "批量删除学生信息写入数据库出现异常,具体原因:" + str(e)})

"""接收上传的文件"""
def upload(request):
    # 接收上传的文件
    rev_file = request.FILES.get('avatar')
    # 判断，是否有文件
    if not rev_file:
        return JsonResponse({'code':0, 'msg':'图片不存在！'})
    # 获得一个唯一的名字： uuid +hash
    new_name = get_random_str()
    # 准备写入的URL
    file_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, new_name + os.path.splitext(rev_file.name)[1] )
    # 开始写入到本次磁盘
    try:
        f = open(file_path,'wb')
        # 多次写入
        for i in rev_file.chunks():
            f.write(i)
        # 要关闭
        f.close()
        # 返回
        return JsonResponse({'code': 1, 'name': new_name + os.path.splitext(rev_file.name)[1]})

    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code':0, 'msg':"系统报错:" + str(e)})

def get_random_str():
    #获取uuid的随机数:  uuid共5种生成随机数的方法,这里选用第4种
    uuid_val = uuid.uuid4()
    #获取uuid的随机数字符串
    uuid_str = str(uuid_val).encode('utf-8')
    #获取md5实例
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    #拿取uuid的md5摘要
    md5.update(uuid_str)
    #返回固定长度的字符串
    return md5.hexdigest()

"""从Excel批量导入学生信息"""
def import_students_excel(request):

    # ========1.接收Excel文件存储到Media文件夹 =======
    rev_file = request.FILES.get('excel')
    # 判断,是否有文件
    if not rev_file:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': 'Excel文件不存在!'})
    # 获得一个唯一的名字: uuid +hash
    new_name = get_random_str()
    # 准备写入的URL
    file_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, new_name + os.path.splitext(rev_file.name)[1])
    # 开始写入到本次磁盘
    try:
        f = open(file_path, 'wb')
        # 多次写入
        for i in rev_file.chunks():
            f.write(i)
        # 要关闭
        f.close()
    except Exception as e:
        return JsonResponse({'code': 0, 'msg': str(e)})

    #====== 2.读取存储在Media文件夹的数据  =====
    ex_students = read_excel_dict(file_path)

    # ====3.把读取的数据存储到数据库 =====
    # 定义几个变量: success:  error: errors
    success = 0
    error = 0
    error_snos = []

    # 开始遍历
    for one_student in ex_students:
        try:

            obj_student = Student.objects.create(sno=one_student['sno'],
                                                 name=one_student['name'],
                                                 gender=one_student['gender'],
                                                 birthday=one_student['birthday'],
                                                 mobile=one_student['mobile'],
                                                 email=one_student['email'],
                                                 address=one_student['address'])
            # 计数
            success += 1
        except:
            # 如果失败了
            error += 1
            error_snos.append(one_student['sno'])

    # 4. 返回--导入信息(成功:5,失败:4--(sno)),所有学生
    obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
    students = list(obj_students)
    return JsonResponse({'code':1, 'success':success,'error':error,'errors':error_snos, 'data':students})

"""导出数据到excel"""
def export_student_excel(request):
    #获取所有的学生信息
    obj_students = Student.objects.all().values()
    #转为List
    students = list(obj_students)
    #准备名称
    excel_name =  get_random_str() + ".xlsx"
    #准备写入的路径
    path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, excel_name)
    #写入到excel
    write_to_excel(students, path)
    #返回
    return JsonResponse({'code':1, 'name':excel_name})

"""读取Excel数据，存储为字典 --- [{},{},{},]"""
def read_excel_dict(path:str):
    # 实例化一个wrokbook
    workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
    # 实例化一个sheet
    sheet = workbook['student']
    # 定义一个变量存储最终的数据--[]
    students = []
    # 准备key
    keys = ['sno','name','gender','birthday','mobile','email','address']
    # 遍历
    for row in sheet.rows:
        # 定义一个临时的字典
        temp_dict = {}
        # 组合值和key
        for index,cell in enumerate(row):
            # 组和
            temp_dict[keys[index]] = cell.value
        # 附加到list中
        students.append(temp_dict)
    #返回
    return students

"""把数据库写入到Excel"""
def write_to_excel(data:list, path:str):
    # 实例化一个workbook
    workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
    # 激活一个sheet
    sheet = workbook.active
    # 为sheet命名
    sheet.title = 'student'
    # 准备keys
    keys = data[0].keys()
    # 准备写入数据
    for index, item in enumerate(data):
        # 遍历每一个元素
        for k,v in enumerate(keys):
            sheet.cell(row=index + 1, column=k + 1, value=str(item[v]))
    # 写入到文件
    workbook.save(path)

4.2: urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from student import views

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path('students/',views.get_student),  # 获取所有学生信息的接口
    path('students/query/', views.query_students),  # 查询学生信息的接口
    path('sno/check/', views.is_exists_sno),  # 校验学号是否存在
    path('student/add/', views.add_student),   # 添加学生信息的接口
    path('student/update/', views.update_student),  # 修改学生信息的接口
    path('student/delete/', views.delete_student), # 删除一个学生信息的接口
    path('students/delete/', views.delete_students), # 批量删除学生信息的接口
    path('upload/', views.upload),  # 上传文件的接口
    path('excel/import/', views.import_students_excel),  # 导入Excel文件
    path('excel/export/', views.export_student_excel), # 导出Excel文件
]

# 允许media中的所有文件被访问
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

五、前端编写

5.1: vue框架(不涉及vue脚手架)

5.2: index.css

html,body,#app,.el-container{
    margin: 0px;
    padding:0px;
    height: 100%;
}
.el-header {
  background-color: #b3c0d1;
  color: #333;
  text-align: left;
  line-height: 80px;
  font-size:32px;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.el-footer {
  background-color: #b3c0d1;
  color: #333;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 30px;
}
.el-aside {
  background-color: #d3dce6;
  color: #333;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 200px;
}

.el-dialog .avatar-uploader .el-upload {
  border: 1px dashed #d9d9d9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;

}
.el-dialog .avatar-uploader .el-upload:hover {
  border-color: #409EFF;
}
.el-dialog  .avatar-uploader-icon {
  font-size: 28px;
  color: #8c939d;
  width: 178px;
  height: 178px;
  line-height: 178px;
  text-align: center;
}
.el-dialog .avatar {
  width: 178px;
  height: 178px;
  display: block;
}

5.3: index.js

const app = new Vue({
    el: '#app',
    data() {
        //校验学号是否存在！
        const rulesSNo = (rule, value, callback) => {  //格式是固定的
            if (this.isEdit) {  //修改功能现实时,学号写死
                callback();
            }
            //使用Axios进行校验 
            axios.post(
                this.baseURL + 'sno/check/',
                {
                    sno: value,
                }
            )
                .then((res) => {
                    //请求成功
                    if (res.data.code === 1) {
                        if (res.data.exists) {
                            callback(new Error("学号已存在!"));
                        } else {
                            callback();
                        }
                    } else {
                        //请求失败
                        callback(new Error("校验学号后端出现异常!"))
                    }
                })
                .catch((err) => {
                    //如果请求失败在控制台打印
                    console.log(err);
                });
        }
        return {
            students: [], //所有的学生信息
            pageStudents: [], //分页后当前页的学生
            baseURL: "http://192.168.xx.xx:8000/",
            inputStr: '', //输入的查询条件
            selectStudents: [], //选择复选框是把选择记录存在这个几个

            //====分页相关的变量====
            total: 0, //数据的总行数 
            currentpage: 1, //当前的所在的页
            pagesize: 10, //每页显示多少行数据
            
            //====弹出框表单====
            dialogVisible: false, //控制弹出框表单是否展示
            dialogTitle: "", //弹出框的标题
            isView: false, //标识是否是查看
            isEdit: false, //标识是否是修改
            studentForm: {    //弹出框表单对相应绑定数据
                sno: '',            //序号
                name: '',           //姓名
                gender: '',         //性别
                birthday: '',       //生日
                mobile: '',         //手机号
                email: '',          //邮箱
                address: '',        //家庭地址
                image: '',          //照片
                imageUrl: '',
            },
            rules: {
                sno: [
                    { required: true, message: '学号不能为空', trigger: 'blur' },
                    { pattern: /^[9][5]\d{3}$/, message: '学号必须是95开头的五位数', trigger: 'blur' },  //正则表达式95开头的5个数字
                    { validator: rulesSNo, trigger: 'blur' }, //校验学号是否存在！
                ],
                name: [
                    { required: true, message: '姓名不能为空', trigger: 'blur' },
                    { pattern: /^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{2,5}$/, message: '姓名必须是2-5个汉字', trigger: 'blur' },//2-5个汉字
                ],
                gender: [
                    { required: true, message: '性别不能为空', trigger: 'change' },  //只能填写男或女
                ],
                birthday: [
                    { required: true, message: '出生日期不能为空', trigger: 'change' }, //符合yyyy-MM-dd要求
                ],
                mobile: [
                    { required: true, message: '手机号码不能为空', triggler: 'blur' },
                    { pattern: /^[1][35789]\d{9}$/, message: '手机号码必须要符合规范', trigger: 'blur' }, //[1][35789]\d{9}
                ],
                email: [
                    { required: true, message: '邮箱地址不能为空', trigger: 'blur' },
                    { pattern: /^\w+([-+.]\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$/, message: '邮箱地址必须要符合规范', trigger: 'blur' },
                ],
                address: [
                    { required: true, message: '家庭住址不能为空', trigger: 'blur' },   //不能为空
                ]
            }
        }
    },
    mounted() {
        //自动加载数据
        this.getStudents();
    },
    methods: {
        //根据Id获取image
        getImageBySno(sno) {
            //遍历
            for (oneStudent of this.students) {
                //判断
                if (oneStudent.sno == sno) {
                    return oneStudent.image;
                }
            }
        },
        //获取所有学生信息
        getStudents: function () {
            //记录this的地址
            let that = this
            //使用Axios实现Ajax请求 
            axios
                .get(that.baseURL + "students/")
                .then(function (res) {
                    //请求成功后执行的函数
                    if (res.data.code === 1) {
                        //把数据给students
                        that.students = res.data.data;
                        //获取返回记录的总行数
                        that.total = res.data.data.length;
                        //获取当前页的数据
                        that.getPageStudents();
                        //提示：
                        that.$message({
                            message: '数据加载成功！',
                            type: 'success'
                        });
                        console.log(that.students)

                    } else {
                        //失败的提示！
                        that.$message.error(res.data.msg);

                    }
                })
                .catch(function (err) {
                    //请求失败后执行的函数
                    console.log(err);
                });
        },
        getAllStudents() {
            //清空输入的inputStr
            this.inputStr = "";
            //获取所有的数据
            this.getStudents();
        },
        //获取当前页的学生数据
        getPageStudents() {
            //清空pageStudents中的数据
            this.pageStudents = [];
            //获得当前页的数据
            for (let i = (this.currentpage - 1) * this.pagesize; i < this.total; i++) {
                //遍历数据添加到pageStudent中
                this.pageStudents.push(this.students[i]);
                //判断是否达到一页的要求
                if (this.pageStudents.length === this.pagesize) break;
            }
        },
        //实现学生信息查询
        queryStudents() {
            //使用Ajax请求--POST-->传递InputStr
            let that = this
            //开始Ajax请求
            axios
                .post(
                    that.baseURL + "students/query/",
                    {
                        inputstr: that.inputStr,
                    }
                )
                .then(function (res) {                 //成功
                    if (res.data.code === 1) {
                        //把数据给students
                        that.students = res.data.data;
                        //获取返回记录的总行数
                        that.total = res.data.data.length;
                        //获取当前页的数据
                        that.getPageStudents();
                        //提示：
                        that.$message({
                            message: '查询数据加载成功！',
                            type: 'success'
                        });

                    } else {
                        //失败的提示！
                        that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                    }
                })
                .catch(function (err) {            //失败
                    console.log(err);
                    that.$message.error("获取后端查询结果出现异常！");
                });
        },
        //添加学生时打开表单
        addStudent() {
            //修改标题
            this.dialogTitle = "添加学生明细";
            //弹出表单
            this.dialogVisible = true;
        },
        //查看学生的明细
        viewStudent(row) {
            //修改标题
            this.dialogTitle = "查看学生明细";
            //修改isView变量
            this.isView = true;
            //弹出表单
            this.dialogVisible = true;
            /*
            深拷贝方法01：
            this.studentForm.sno = row.sno;
            this.studentForm.name = row.name;
            this.studentForm.gender = row.gender;
            this.studentForm.birthday = row.birthday;
            this.studentForm.mobile = row.mobile;
            this.studentForm.email = row.email;
            this.studentForm.address = row.address;
            */
            //深拷贝方法02：
            this.studentForm = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(row))
            //获取照片
            this.studentForm.image = this.getImageBySno(row.sno);
            //获取照片URL
            this.studentForm.imageUrl = this.baseURL + 'media/' + this.studentForm.image;

        },
        //修改学生的明细
        updateStudent(row) {
            //修改标题
            this.dialogTitle = "修改学生明细";
            //修改isEdit变量
            this.isEdit = true;
            //弹出表单
            this.dialogVisible = true;
            //深拷贝方法：
            this.studentForm = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(row))
            //获取照片
            this.studentForm.image = this.getImageBySno(row.sno);
            //获取照片URL
            this.studentForm.imageUrl = this.baseURL + 'media/' + this.studentForm.image;

        },
        //提交学生的表单（添加、修改）
        submitStudentForm(formName) {
            this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
                if (valid) {
                    //校验成功后,执行添加或者修改?
                    if (this.isEdit) {
                        //修改
                        this.submitUpdateStudent();
                    } else {
                        //添加
                        this.submitAddStudent();
                    }

                } else {
                    console.log('error submit!!');
                    return false;
                }
            });
        },
        //添加到数据库的函数
        submitAddStudent() {
            //定义that
            let that = this;
            //执行Axios请求
            axios
                .post(that.baseURL + 'student/add/', that.studentForm)
                .then(res => {
                    //执行成功
                    if (res.data.code === 1) {
                        //获取所有学生的信息
                        that.students = res.data.data;
                        //获取记录条数
                        that.total = res.data.data.length;
                        //获取分页信息
                        that.getPageStudents();
                        //提示：
                        that.$message({
                            message: '数据添加成功!',
                            type: 'success'
                        });
                        //关闭窗体
                        this.closeDialogForm('studentForm');
                    } else {
                        //失败的提示！
                        that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                    }
                })
                .catch(err => {
                    //执行失败
                    console.log(err);
                    that.$message.error("获取后端查询结果出现异常!");
                })
        },
        //修改更新到数据库
        submitUpdateStudent() {
            //定义that
            let that = this;
            //执行Axios请求
            axios
                .post(that.baseURL + 'student/update/', that.studentForm)
                .then(res => {
                    //执行成功
                    if (res.data.code === 1) {
                        //获取所有学生的信息
                        that.students = res.data.data;
                        //获取记录条数
                        that.total = res.data.data.length;
                        //获取分页信息
                        that.getPageStudents();
                        //提示：
                        that.$message({
                            message: '数据修改成功！',
                            type: 'success'
                        });
                        //关闭窗体
                        this.closeDialogForm('studentForm');
                    } else {
                        //失败的提示！
                        that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                    }
                })
                .catch(err => {
                    //执行失败
                    console.log(err);
                    that.$message.error("修改时获取后端查询结果出现异常！");
                })

        },
        //删除一条学生记录 
        deleteStudent(row) {
            //等待确认
            this.$confirm('是否确认删除学生信息为学号：' + row.sno + '\t姓名：' + row.name + ']的学生信息?',
                '提示', {
                confirmButtonText: '确定删除',
                cancelButtonText: '取消',
                type: 'warning'
            }).then(() => {
                //确认删除响应事件
                let that = this
                //调用后端接口
                axios.post(that.baseURL + 'student/delete/', { sno: row.sno })
                    .then(res => {
                        if (res.data.code === 1) {
                            //获取所有学生信息
                            that.students = res.data.data;
                            //获取记录数
                            that.total = res.data.data.length;
                            //分页 
                            that.getPageStudents();
                            //提示
                            that.$message({
                                message: '数据删除成功!',
                                type: 'success'
                            });
                        } else {
                            that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                        }
                    })

            }).catch(() => {
                this.$message({
                    type: 'info',
                    message: '已取消删除'
                });
            });
        },
        //批量删除
        deleteStudents() {
            //等待确认
            this.$confirm("是否确认批量删除" + this.selectStudents.length + "个学生信息吗?",
                '提示', {
                confirmButtonText: '确定删除',
                cancelButtonText: '取消',
                type: 'warning'
            }).then(() => {
                //确认删除响应事件
                let that = this
                //调用后端接口
                axios.post(that.baseURL + 'students/delete/', { student: that.selectStudents })
                    .then(res => {
                        if (res.data.code === 1) {
                            //获取所有学生信息
                            that.students = res.data.data;
                            //获取记录数
                            that.total = res.data.data.length;
                            //分页 
                            that.getPageStudents();
                            //提示
                            that.$message({
                                message: '数据批量删除成功！',
                                type: 'success'
                            });
                        } else {
                            that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                        }
                    })

            }).catch(() => {
                this.$message({
                    type: 'info',
                    message: '已取消删除'
                });
            });
        },
        //关闭弹出框的表单
        closeDialogForm(formName) {
            //重置表单的校验
            this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
            //清空
            this.studentForm.sno = "";
            this.studentForm.name = "";
            this.studentForm.gender = "";
            this.studentForm.birthday = "";
            this.studentForm.mobile = "";
            this.studentForm.email = "";
            this.studentForm.address = "";
            this.studentForm.image = "",
            this.studentForm.imageUrl = "",
                //关闭
            this.dialogVisible = false;
            //初始化isView和isEdit值
            this.isEdit = false;
            this.isView = false;

        },
        //选择学生头像后点击确定后触发的事件
        uploadPicturePost(file) {
            //定义that
            let that = this;
            //定义一个FormData类
            let fileReq = new FormData();
            //把照片传进去
            fileReq.append('avatar', file.file);  //--保持与后端完全一致
            //使用Axios发起Ajax请求
            axios(
                {
                    method: 'post',
                    url: that.baseURL + 'upload/',
                    data: fileReq
                }
            ).then(res => {
                // 根据code判断是否成功
                if (res.data.code === 1) {
                    //把照片给image 
                    that.studentForm.image = res.data.name;
                    //拼接imageurl 
                    that.studentForm.imageUrl = that.baseURL + "media/" + res.data.name;
                } else {
                    //失败的提示！
                    that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                }

            }).catch(err => {
                console.log(err);
                that.$message.error("上传头像出现异常！");
            })

        },
        //导入excel
        uploadExcelPost(file) {
            let that = this
            //实例化一个formdata
            //定义一个FormData类
            let fileReq = new FormData();
            //把照片穿进去
            fileReq.append('excel', file.file);
            //使用Axios发起Ajax请求
            axios(
                {
                    method: 'post',
                    url: that.baseURL + 'excel/import/',
                    data: fileReq
                }
            ).then(res => {
                // 根据code判断是否成功
                if (res.data.code === 1) {
                    //把照片给image 
                    that.students = res.data.data;
                    //计算总共多少条
                    that.total = res.data.data.length;
                    //分页
                    that.getPageStudents();
                    //弹出框体显示结果 
                    this.$alert('本次导入完成!成功:' + res.data.success +'失败:'+ res.data.error 
                    , '导入结果展示', {
                        confirmButtonText: '确定',
                        callback: action => {
                            this.$message({
                                type: 'info',
                                message: "本次导入失败数量为:" + res.data.error + ",具体的学号:"+res.data.errors,
                            });
                        }
                    });
                    //把失败明细打印
                    console.log("本次导入失败数量为：" + res.data.error + ",具体的学号：");
                    console.log(res.data.errors);
                } else {
                    //失败的提示！
                    that.$message.error(res.data.msg);
                }

            }).catch(err => {
                console.log(err);
                that.$message.error("上传Excel出现异常!");
            })

        },
        //导出excel
        exportToExcel(){
            let that = this
            axios.get(that.baseURL + 'excel/export/')
            .then(res=>{
                if(res.data.code ===1){
                    //拼接excel 的完整URL
                    let url = that.baseURL + 'media/'+ res.data.name;
                    //下载
                    window.open(url);
                } else {
                    that.$message.error("导出Excel出现异常");
                }
            })
            .catch(err=>{
                console.log(err);
            });

        },
        //分页时修改每页的行数
        handleSizeChange(size) {
            //修改当前每页数据行数
            this.pagesize = size;
            //数据重新分页
            this.getPageStudents();
        },
        //调整当前的页码
        handleCurrentChange(pageNumber) {
            //修改当前的页码
            this.currentpage = pageNumber;
            //数据重新分页
            this.getPageStudents();
        },
        //选择复选框时触发的操作
        handleSelectionChange(data) {
            this.selectStudents = data;
            console.log(data);
        },
    },

})

注意:baseURL: "http://192.168.xx.xx:8000/"中,192.168.xx.xx为自己电脑的ip地址,8000为端口号

5.4: index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>学生信息管理系统</title>
    <!-- 引入外部的样式文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css" />
    <!-- 引入Element UI样式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css" />
    <!-- 使用CDN引入Vue模块-->
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.11"></script>
    <!-- 引入Element组件库 -->
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/element-ui/lib/index.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入Axios组件库 -->
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>

</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <el-container>
            <el-header style="height: 80px;">学生信息管理系统</el-header>
            <el-container>
                <!-- 侧边栏 -->
                <el-aside width="200px">
                    <el-menu default-active="2" class="el-menu-vertical-demo">
                        <el-menu-item index="1">
                            <i class="el-icon-menu"></i>
                            <span slot="title">班级管理</span>
                        </el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="2">
                            <i class="el-icon-user"></i>
                            <span slot="title">学生信息</span>
                        </el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="3">
                            <i class="el-icon-s-custom"></i>
                            <span slot="title">讲师信息</span>
                        </el-menu-item>
                        <el-menu-item index="4">
                            <i class="el-icon-document"></i>
                            <span slot="title">课程管理</span>
                        </el-menu-item>
                    </el-menu>
                </el-aside>
                <el-container>
                    <!-- 主窗体 -->
                    <el-main>
                        <!-- 面包屑导航 -->
                        <el-breadcrumb separator-class="el-icon-arrow-right">
                            <el-breadcrumb-item>首页</el-breadcrumb-item>
                            <el-breadcrumb-item>学生管理</el-breadcrumb-item>
                        </el-breadcrumb>
                        <!-- 表单 -->
                        <el-form :inline="true" style="margin-top:30px;">
                            <el-row>
                                <el-col :span="12">
                                    <el-form-item label="请输入查询条件：">
                                        <el-input v-model="inputStr" placeholder="输入查询条件" style="width: 420px;">
                                        </el-input>
                                    </el-form-item>
                                </el-col>
                                <el-col :span="8" style="text-align: right;padding-right:10px;">
                                    <el-button-group>
                                        <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-search" @click="queryStudents()">查询
                                        </el-button>
                                        <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-tickets" @click="getAllStudents()">全部
                                        </el-button>
                                        <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-circle-plus-outline"
                                            @click="addStudent()">添加</el-button>
                                    </el-button-group>
                                </el-col>
                                <el-col :span="2">
                                    <el-upload :show-file-list="false" :http-request="uploadExcelPost">
                                        <el-button type="primary">导入Excel</el-button>
                                    </el-upload>
                                </el-col>
                                <el-col :span="2">
                                    <el-button type="primary" @click="exportToExcel()">导出Excel</el-button>
                                </el-col>
                            </el-row>
                        </el-form>
                        <!-- 表格 -->
                        <el-table :data="pageStudents" border style="width: 100%" size="mini"
                            @selection-change="handleSelectionChange">
                            <el-table-column type="selection">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column type="index" label="序号" align="center" width="60">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="sno" label="学号" width="80">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名" width="80">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="gender" label="性别" width="60">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="birthday" label="出生日期" align="center" width="100">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="mobile" label="电话" align="center" width="120">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="email" label="邮箱" align="center" width="220">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="address" label="地址" align="center">
                            </el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column label="操作" width="180" align="center">
                                <template slot-scope="scope">
                                    <el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-more" size="mini" circle
                                        @click="viewStudent(scope.row)"></el-button>
                                    <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" size="mini" circle
                                        @click="updateStudent(scope.row)"></el-button>
                                    <el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" size="mini" circle
                                        @click="deleteStudent(scope.row)"></el-button>
                                </template>
                            </el-table-column>
                        </el-table>
                        <!-- 分页 -->
                        <el-row style="margin-top: 20px;">
                            <el-col :span="8" style="text-align: left">
                                <el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" size="mini" @click="deleteStudents()">
                                    批量删除</el-button>
                            </el-col>
                            <el-col :span="16" style="text-align: right">
                                <el-pagination @size-change="handleSizeChange" @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
                                    :current-page="currentpage" :page-sizes="[5, 10, 50, 100]" :page-size="pagesize"
                                    layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper" :total="total">
                                </el-pagination>
                            </el-col>
                        </el-row>
                        <!-- 弹出框的学生明细表单 -->
                        <el-dialog :title="dialogTitle" :visible.sync="dialogVisible" width="50%"
                            @close="closeDialogForm('studentForm')">
                            <el-form :model="studentForm" :rules="rules" ref="studentForm" :inline="true"
                                style="margin-left: 20px;" label-width="110px" label-position="right" size="mini">
                                <el-upload class="avatar-uploader" 
                                    :show-file-list="false" :http-request="uploadPicturePost" :disabled="isView"  style="text-align: center;margin:20px;" >
                                    <img v-if="studentForm.image" :src="studentForm.imageUrl" class="avatar">
                                    <i v-else class="el-icon-plus avatar-uploader-icon"></i>
                                </el-upload>
                                <el-form-item label="学号：" prop="sno">
                                    <el-input v-model="studentForm.sno" :disabled="isEdit||isView"
                                        suffix-icon="el-icon-edit"></el-input>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="姓名：" prop="name">
                                    <el-input v-model="studentForm.name" :disabled="isView" suffix-icon="el-icon-edit">
                                    </el-input>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="性别：" prop="gender">
                                    <el-select v-model="studentForm.gender" :disabled="isView" placeholder="请选择性别">
                                        <el-option value="男"></el-option>
                                        <el-option value="女"></el-option>
                                    </el-select>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="出生日期：" prop="birthday">
                                    <el-date-picker v-model="studentForm.birthday" value-format="yyyy-MM-dd"
                                        :disabled="isView" type="date" placeholder="选择日期" style="width:93% ">
                                    </el-date-picker>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="手机号码：" prop="mobile">
                                    <el-input v-model="studentForm.mobile" :disabled="isView"
                                        suffix-icon="el-icon-edit"></el-input>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="邮箱地址：" prop="email">
                                    <el-input v-model="studentForm.email" :disabled="isView" suffix-icon="el-icon-edit">
                                    </el-input>
                                </el-form-item>
                                <el-form-item label="家庭住址：" prop="address">
                                    <el-input v-model="studentForm.address" :disabled="isView"
                                        suffix-icon="el-icon-edit" style="width:262%"></el-input>
                                </el-form-item>
                            </el-form>
                            <span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
                                <el-button type="primary" size="mini" v-show="!isView"
                                    @click="submitStudentForm('studentForm')">确 定</el-button>

                                <el-button type="info" size="mini" @click="closeDialogForm('studentForm')">取 消
                                </el-button>
                            </span>
                        </el-dialog>
                    </el-main>
                    <el-footer style="height: 30px;">学生信息管理系统 版权所有：Django | 2024-4-20</el-footer>
                </el-container>
            </el-container>
        </el-container>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
<!-- 引入Vue代码 -->
<script src="js/index.js"></script>

六、项目完整代码

https://github.com/liupeng0531/firstdjango