汉字的基数排序可以采用“按字排序”的方法，即按照汉字的拼音顺序进行排序。以下是一个基于C语言实现的汉字基数排序的示例代码：
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_LENGTH 100 // 输入字符串的最大长度
// 获取字符串的第index个字符的拼音首字母
char getFirstLetter(char *str, int index) {
char c = str[index];
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
return c;
} else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
return c + ('a' - 'A');
} else {
// 汉字的拼音首字母
static int table[] = {
-20319,-20317,-20304,-20295,-20292,-20283,-20265,-20257,-20242,-20230,
-20051,-20036,-20032,-20026,-20002,-19990,-19986,-19982,-19976,-19805,
-19784,-19775,-19774,-19763,-19756,-19751,-19746,-19741,-19739,-19728,
-19725,-19715,-19540,-19531,-19525,-19515,-19500,-19484,-19479,-19467,
-19289,-19288,-19281,-19275,-19270,-19263,-19261,-19249,-19243,-19242,
-19238,-19235,-19227,-19224,-19218,-19212,-19038,-19023,-19018,-19006,
-19003,-18996,-18977,-18961,-18952,-18783,-18774,-18773,-18763,-18756,
-18741,-18735,-18731,-18722,-18710,-18697,-18696,-18526,-18518,-18501,
-18490,-18478,-18463,-18448,-18447,-18446,-18239,-18237,-18231,-18220,
-18211,-18201,-18184,-18183,-18181,-18012,-17997,-17988,-17970,-17964,
-17961,-17950,-17947,-17931,-17928,-17922,-17759,-17752,-17733,-17730,
-17721,-17703,-17701,-17697,-17692,-17683,-17676,-17496,-17487,-17482,
-17468,-17454,-17433,-17427,-17417,-17202,-17185,-16983,-16970,-16942,
-16915,-16733,-16708,-16706,-16689,-16664,-16657,-16647,-16474,-16470,
-16465,-16459,-16452,-16448,-16433,-16429,-16427,-16423,-16419,-16412,
-16407,-16403,-16401,-16393,-16220,-16216,-16212,-16205,-16202,-16187,
-16180,-16171,-16169,-16158,-16155,-15959,-15958,-15944,-15933,-15920,
-15915,-15903,-15889,-15878,-15707,-15701,-15681,-15667,-15661,-15659,
-15652,-15640,-15631,-15625,-15454,-15448,-15436,-15435,-15419,-15416,
-15408,-15394,-15385,-15377,-15375,-15369,-15363,-15362,-15183,-15180,
-15165,-15158,-15153,-15150,-15149,-15144,-15143,-15141,-15140,-15139,
-15128,-15121,-15119,-15117,-15110,-15109,-14941,-14937,-14933,-14930,
-14929,-14928,-14926,-14922,-14921,-14914,-14908,-14902,-14894,-14889,
-14882,-14873,-14871,-14857,-14678,-14674,-14670,-14668,-14663,-14654,
-14645,-14630,-14594,-14429,-14407,-14399,-14384,-14379,-14368,-14355,
-14353,-14345,-14170,-14159,-14151,-14149,-14145,-14140,-14137,-14135,
-14125,-14123,-14122,-14112,-14109,-14099,-14097,-14094,-14092,-14090,
-14087,-14083,-13917,-13914,-13910,-13907,-13906,-13905,-13896,-13894,
-13878,-13870,-13859,-13847,-13831,-13658,-13611,-13601,-13406,-13404,
-13400,-13398,-13395,-13391,-13387,-13383,-13367,-13359,-13356,-13343,
-13340,-13329,-13326,-13318,-13147,-13138,-13120,-13107,-13096,-13095,
-13091,-13076,-13068,-13063,-13060,-12888,-12875,-12871,-12860,-12858,
-12852,-12849,-12838,-12831,-12829,-12812,-12802,-12607,-12597,-12594,
-12585,-12556,-12359,-12346,-12320,-12300,-12120,-12099,-12089,-12074,
-12067,-12058,-12039,-11867,-11861,-11847,-11831,-11798,-11781,-11604,
-11589,-11536,-11358,-11340,-11339,-11324,-11303,-11097,-11077,-11067,
-11055,-11052,-11045,-11041,-11038,-11024,-11020,-11019,-11018,-11014,
-10838,-10832,-10815,-10800,-10790,-10780,-10764,-10587,-10544,-10533,
-10519,-10331,-10329,-10328,-10322,-10315,-10309,-10307,-10296,-10281,
-10274,-10270,-10262,-10260,-10256,-10254
};
int i = (c & 0xff) + ((c >> 8) & 0xff) * 256;
if (i < 0xB0A1) {
return 'A';
} else if (i < 0xB0C5) {
return 'B';
} else if (i < 0xB2C1) {
return 'C';
} else if (i < 0xB4EE) {
return 'D';
} else if (i < 0xB6EA) {
return 'E';
} else if (i < 0xB7A2) {
return 'F';
} else if (i < 0xB8C1) {
return 'G';
} else if (i < 0xB9FE) {
return 'H';
} else if (i < 0xBBF7) {
return 'J';
} else if (i < 0xBFA6) {
return 'K';
} else if (i < 0xC0AC) {
return 'L';
} else if (i < 0xC2E8) {
return 'M';
} else if (i < 0xC4C3) {
return 'N';
} else if (i < 0xC5B6) {
return 'O';
} else if (i < 0xC5BE) {
return 'P';
} else if (i < 0xC6DA) {
return 'Q';
} else if (i < 0xC8BB) {
return 'R';
} else if (i < 0xC8F6) {
return 'S';
} else if (i < 0xCBFA) {
return 'T';
} else if (i < 0xCDDA) {
return 'W';
} else if (i < 0xCEF4) {
return 'X';
} else if (i < 0xD1B9) {
return 'Y';
} else if (i < 0xD4D1) {
return 'Z';
} else {
return ' ';
}
}
}
// 计数排序
void countingSort(char **strs, int n, int index) {
int counts[26] = {0}; // 记录每个字母出现的次数
char **temp = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
temp[i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * MAX_LENGTH);
strcpy(temp[i], strs[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
char c = getFirstLetter(strs[i], index);
counts[c - 'A']++;
}
for (int i = 1; i < 26; i++) {
counts[i] += counts[i - 1];
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
char c = getFirstLetter(strs[i], index);
int pos = counts[c - 'A'] - 1;
strcpy(temp[pos], strs[i]);
counts[c - 'A']--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
strcpy(strs[i], temp[i]);
free(temp[i]);
}
free(temp);
}
// 基数排序
void radixSort(char **strs, int n) {
int maxLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int length = strlen(strs[i]);
if (length > maxLength) {
maxLength = length;
}
}
for (int i = maxLength - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
countingSort(strs, n, i);
}
}
int main() {
int n;
char **strs;
printf("请输入字符串的数量：");
scanf("%d", &n);
strs = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);
printf("请输入%d个字符串，每个字符串长度不超过%d个字符：\n", n, MAX_LENGTH);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
strs[i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * MAX_LENGTH);
scanf("%s", strs[i]);
}
radixSort(strs, n);
printf("排序后的结果为：\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%s\n", strs[i]);
free(strs[i]);
}
free(strs);
return 0;
}
```
代码中使用了计数排序和基数排序两个算法。在计数排序中，通过`getFirstLetter()`函数获取每个字符串的第`index`个字符的拼音首字母，并统计各个字母出现的次数。然后按照字母顺序从小到大填充到一个临时数组中，最后将临时数组中的元素复制回原数组。在基数排序中，依次对每个字符进行计数排序，直到排完所有字符。
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