使用注解配置SpringMVC和Spring的配置文件

首先需要创建一个类继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer然后继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer这个类之后需要实现他的三个抽象方法下面是具体实现：

package com.atguigu.config;


import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
//代替web.xml
public class WebInt extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    @Override
//    设置一个配置类代替Spring的配置文件
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
//    设置一个配置类代替SpringMVC的配置文件
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
//    设置SpringMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet的url-pattern
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
//    设置当前的过滤器
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
//        创建编码过滤器
        CharacterEncodingFilter encodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        encodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        encodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
//        创建请求编码的过滤器
        HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
//

        return new Filter[]{encodingFilter,hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
    }
}

然后在创建类用来实现SpringMVC的配置文件下面是具体实现：

package com.atguigu.config;

import com.atguigu.interceptor.FirestInterceptro;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

//代替SpringMVC的配置文件
//扫描组件、视图解析器、默认的servlet、mvc的注解驱动
//视图控制器、文件上传解析器、拦截器、异常拦截器
@Configuration//将此类标识为配置类
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.controller")//扫描组件
@EnableWebMvc//开启MVC的注解驱动
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {


    @Override
//    默认的Servlet处理静态资源
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
    configurer.enable();
    }

    @Override
//    配置视图控制器
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
    }
    @Bean//将标识的返回值作为bean进行管理,bean的id为当前方法的方法名
    public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
        return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
    }

    @Override
//    拦截器
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new FirestInterceptro()).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }

    @Override
//    配置异常解析器
    public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error");
        simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
        simpleMappingExceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
        resolvers.add(simpleMappingExceptionResolver);
    }

    //配置生成模板解析器
    @Bean
    public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数，可通过
     //   WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
        ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
        templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
        return templateResolver;
    }
    //生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
    @Bean
    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
        SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
        return templateEngine;
    }
    //生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
        ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

同理Spring的配置文件也是如此：

package com.atguigu.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
//代替Spring的配置文件
@Configuration//将此类标识为配置类
public class SpringConfig {

}

注：具体实现请看尚硅谷的学习代码在spring_mvc_annotation的