七、二叉树的基本操作

一、基本二叉树

创建节点类型

class HeroNode {
	private int no;
	private String name;
	private HeroNode left; //默认null
	private HeroNode right; //默认null
	public HeroNode(int no, String name) {
		this.no = no;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getNo() {
		return no;
	}
	public void setNo(int no) {
		this.no = no;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public HeroNode getLeft() {
		return left;
	}
	public void setLeft(HeroNode left) {
		this.left = left;
	}
	public HeroNode getRight() {
		return right;
	}
	public void setRight(HeroNode right) {
		this.right = right;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "HeroNode [no=" + no + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
}

前序、中序、后序遍历

//前序遍历
	public void preOrder() {
		System.out.println(this); //先输出父结点
		//递归向左子树前序遍历
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.preOrder();
		}
		//递归向右子树前序遍历
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.preOrder();
		}
	}
	//中序遍历
	public void infixOrder() {
		
		//递归向左子树中序遍历
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.infixOrder();
		}
		//输出父结点
		System.out.println(this);
		//递归向右子树中序遍历
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.infixOrder();
		}
	}
	//后序遍历
	public void postOrder() {
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.postOrder();
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.postOrder();
		}
		System.out.println(this);
	}
	

前序、中序、后续查找

//前序遍历查找
	/**
	 * @param no 查找no
	 * @return 如果找到就返回该Node ,如果没有找到返回 null
	 */
	public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
		System.out.println("进入前序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		//初始化为空
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		//左递归
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.preOrderSearch(no);
		}
		//左递归不为空
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		//右递归
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.preOrderSearch(no);
		}
		return resNode;
	}
	
	//中序遍历查找
	public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		System.out.println("进入中序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}
		return resNode;
		
	}
	
	//后序遍历查找
	public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.postOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.postOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		System.out.println("进入后序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		return null;
	}

删除节点

//递归删除结点
	//1.如果删除的节点是叶子节点,则删除该节点
	//2.如果删除的节点是非叶子节点,则删除该子树
	public void delNode(int no) {
		if(this.left != null && this.left.no == no) {
			this.left = null;
			return;
		}
		if(this.right != null && this.right.no == no) {
			this.right = null;
			return;
		}
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.delNode(no);
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.delNode(no);
		}
	}

定义二叉树

class BinaryTree {
	private HeroNode root;

	public void setRoot(HeroNode root) {
		this.root = root;
	}
	
	//删除结点
	public void delNode(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			//判断root是不是要删除的结点
			if(root.getNo() == no) {
				root = null;
			} else {
				//递归删除
				root.delNode(no);
			}
		}else{
			System.out.println("空树,不能删除");
		}
	}
	//前序遍历
	public void preOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.preOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	
	//中序遍历
	public void infixOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.infixOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	//后序遍历
	public void postOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.postOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	
	//前序查找
	public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return root.preOrderSearch(no);
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}
	//中序查找
	public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return root.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}else {
			return null;
		}
	}
	//后序查找
	public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return this.root.postOrderSearch(no);
		}else {
			return null;
		}
	}
}

定义主类测试

public class BinaryTreeDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//创建一颗二叉树
		BinaryTree binaryTree = new BinaryTree();
		//创建需要的结点
		HeroNode root = new HeroNode(1, "宋江");
		HeroNode node2 = new HeroNode(2, "吴用");
		HeroNode node3 = new HeroNode(3, "卢俊义");
		HeroNode node4 = new HeroNode(4, "林冲");
		HeroNode node5 = new HeroNode(5, "关胜");
		
		//手动创建该二叉树
		root.setLeft(node2);
		root.setRight(node3);
		node3.setRight(node4);
		node3.setLeft(node5);
		binaryTree.setRoot(root);

		System.out.println("前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();

		System.out.println("中序遍历");
		binaryTree.infixOrder();

		System.out.println("后序遍历");
		binaryTree.postOrder();
		
		//前序查找
		System.out.println("前序查找");
		HeroNode resNode = binaryTree.preOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode.getNo(), resNode.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//中序查找
		System.out.println("中序查找");
		HeroNode resNode2 = binaryTree.infixOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode2 != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode2.getNo(), resNode2.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//后序查找
		System.out.println("后序查找");
		HeroNode resNode3 = binaryTree.postOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode3 != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode3.getNo(), resNode3.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//测试删除结点
		System.out.println("删除前,前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();
		binaryTree.delNode(5);
		System.out.println("删除后,前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();
	}

}

代码总结

package com.yzh.tree;
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class BinaryTreeDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//创建一颗二叉树
		BinaryTree binaryTree = new BinaryTree();
		//创建需要的结点
		HeroNode root = new HeroNode(1, "宋江");
		HeroNode node2 = new HeroNode(2, "吴用");
		HeroNode node3 = new HeroNode(3, "卢俊义");
		HeroNode node4 = new HeroNode(4, "林冲");
		HeroNode node5 = new HeroNode(5, "关胜");
		
		//手动创建该二叉树
		root.setLeft(node2);
		root.setRight(node3);
		node3.setRight(node4);
		node3.setLeft(node5);
		binaryTree.setRoot(root);

		System.out.println("前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();

		System.out.println("中序遍历");
		binaryTree.infixOrder();

		System.out.println("后序遍历");
		binaryTree.postOrder();
		
		//前序查找
		System.out.println("前序查找");
		HeroNode resNode = binaryTree.preOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode.getNo(), resNode.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//中序查找
		System.out.println("中序查找");
		HeroNode resNode2 = binaryTree.infixOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode2 != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode2.getNo(), resNode2.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//后序查找
		System.out.println("后序查找");
		HeroNode resNode3 = binaryTree.postOrderSearch(5);
		if (resNode3 != null) {
			System.out.printf("找到了,信息为 no=%d name=%s", resNode3.getNo(), resNode3.getName());
		} else {
			System.out.printf("没有找到 no = %d 的英雄", 5);
		}
		
		//测试删除结点
		System.out.println("删除前,前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();
		binaryTree.delNode(5);
		System.out.println("删除后,前序遍历");
		binaryTree.preOrder();
	}

}

@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
//定义BinaryTree 二叉树
class BinaryTree {
	private HeroNode root;

	public void setRoot(HeroNode root) {
		this.root = root;
	}
	
	//删除结点
	public void delNode(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			//判断root是不是要删除的结点
			if(root.getNo() == no) {
				root = null;
			} else {
				//递归删除
				root.delNode(no);
			}
		}else{
			System.out.println("空树,不能删除");
		}
	}
	//前序遍历
	public void preOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.preOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	
	//中序遍历
	public void infixOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.infixOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	//后序遍历
	public void postOrder() {
		if(this.root != null) {
			this.root.postOrder();
		}else {
			System.out.println("二叉树为空,无法遍历");
		}
	}
	
	//前序查找
	public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return root.preOrderSearch(no);
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}
	//中序查找
	public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return root.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}else {
			return null;
		}
	}
	//后序查找
	public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
		if(root != null) {
			return this.root.postOrderSearch(no);
		}else {
			return null;
		}
	}
}


@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
//先创建HeroNode 结点
class HeroNode {
	private int no;
	private String name;
	private HeroNode left; //默认null
	private HeroNode right; //默认null
	public HeroNode(int no, String name) {
		this.no = no;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getNo() {
		return no;
	}
	public void setNo(int no) {
		this.no = no;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public HeroNode getLeft() {
		return left;
	}
	public void setLeft(HeroNode left) {
		this.left = left;
	}
	public HeroNode getRight() {
		return right;
	}
	public void setRight(HeroNode right) {
		this.right = right;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "HeroNode [no=" + no + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	
	//递归删除结点
	//1.如果删除的节点是叶子节点,则删除该节点
	//2.如果删除的节点是非叶子节点,则删除该子树
	public void delNode(int no) {
		if(this.left != null && this.left.no == no) {
			this.left = null;
			return;
		}
		if(this.right != null && this.right.no == no) {
			this.right = null;
			return;
		}
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.delNode(no);
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.delNode(no);
		}
	}
	
	//前序遍历
	public void preOrder() {
		System.out.println(this); //先输出父结点
		//递归向左子树前序遍历
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.preOrder();
		}
		//递归向右子树前序遍历
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.preOrder();
		}
	}
	//中序遍历
	public void infixOrder() {
		
		//递归向左子树中序遍历
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.infixOrder();
		}
		//输出父结点
		System.out.println(this);
		//递归向右子树中序遍历
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.infixOrder();
		}
	}
	//后序遍历
	public void postOrder() {
		if(this.left != null) {
			this.left.postOrder();
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			this.right.postOrder();
		}
		System.out.println(this);
	}
	
	//前序遍历查找
	/**
	 * @param no 查找no
	 * @return 如果找到就返回该Node ,如果没有找到返回 null
	 */
	public HeroNode preOrderSearch(int no) {
		System.out.println("进入前序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		//初始化为空
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		//左递归
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.preOrderSearch(no);
		}
		//左递归不为空
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		//右递归
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.preOrderSearch(no);
		}
		return resNode;
	}
	
	//中序遍历查找
	public HeroNode infixOrderSearch(int no) {
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		System.out.println("进入中序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.infixOrderSearch(no);
		}
		return resNode;
		
	}
	
	//后序遍历查找
	public HeroNode postOrderSearch(int no) {
		HeroNode resNode = null;
		if(this.left != null) {
			resNode = this.left.postOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		if(this.right != null) {
			resNode = this.right.postOrderSearch(no);
		}
		if(resNode != null) {
			return resNode;
		}
		System.out.println("进入后序查找");
		if(this.no == no) {
			return this;
		}
		return null;
	}
	
}





二、顺序存储二叉树

PS:这里只介绍了顺序存储二叉树的前序遍历,读者可自行完成中序和后序的操作

package com.yzh.tree;

public class ArrBinaryTreeDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
		ArrBinaryTree arrBinaryTree = new ArrBinaryTree(arr);
		arrBinaryTree.preOrder();
	}

}

//编写一个ArrayBinaryTree, 实现顺序存储二叉树遍历
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
class ArrBinaryTree {
	private int[] arr;//存储数据结点的数组

	public ArrBinaryTree(int[] arr) {
		this.arr = arr;
	}

	public void preOrder() {
		this.preOrder(0);
	}
	
	//顺序存储二叉树的前序遍历
	/**
	 * @param index 数组的下标 
	 */
	public void preOrder(int index) {
		if(arr == null || arr.length == 0) {
			System.out.println("数组为空");
		}

		System.out.println(arr[index]+" ");
		//向左递归遍历
		if((index * 2 + 1) < arr.length) {
			preOrder(2 * index + 1 );
		}
		//向右递归遍历
		if((index * 2 + 2) < arr.length) {
			preOrder(2 * index + 2);
		}

	}
	
}

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