多线程笔记

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于 2021-11-17 21:16:51 发布

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分类专栏：多线程文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52329552/article/details/121388134

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多线程

普通方法

只有主线程一条执行路径

多线程

多条执行路径，主程序和子程序并行交替执行

Process(进程)与Thread(线程)

进程是执行程序的一次执行过程

进程里面可以有若干个线程但至少会有一个线程

线程不一定执行看cpu调度

线程三种方式Thread类 Runnable接口 collection接口

Thread

//总结：线程开启不一定立即执行，由cpu执行
public class TestThread1  extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主程序

        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
        //调用start方法开启线程
        testThread1.start();
        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
        }
    }
}

文件的下载多线程

文件的下载顺序会不一样看方法的调度

public class TestThread2 extends Thread {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

//下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        try {
            webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
            System.out.println("下载了文件为"+name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210924092214.jpg","1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/feed-admin/d7c2a5fd2d583f246b3ed95c9ea49d9ec60c5371.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","2.jpg");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}
    //下载器
    class WebDownloader{
        //下载方法
        public void downloader(String url,String name) throws IOException {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }

Runable接口

public class TestThread2 implements Runnable {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

//下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        try {
            webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
            System.out.println("下载了文件为"+name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://img-home.csdnimg.cn/images/20210924092214.jpg","1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/feed-admin/d7c2a5fd2d583f246b3ed95c9ea49d9ec60c5371.jpg@880w_388h_1c_95q","2.jpg");
        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t2).start();
    }
}
    //下载器
    class WebDownloader{
        //下载方法
        public void downloader(String url,String name) throws IOException {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
            System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }

继承Thread

子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力

启动线程子类对象.start()

不建议使用避免oop单继承局限

实现Runable

实现接口Runable具备多线程能力

启动程序传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()

推荐使用避免了单继承局限，灵活方便，方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

初始并发

public class Thread4  implements Runnable{
    private int ticket = 10;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if (ticket<0) {
                break;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了第" + ticket-- + "票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread4 thread4 = new Thread4();
        new Thread(thread4,"小明").start();
        new Thread(thread4,"老师").start();
        new Thread(thread4,"黄牛").start();

    }
}

//模拟龟兔
public class Race implements Runnable{
    private static String winner;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            if (flag){
                break;
            }

            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"跑了"+i+"步");
        }

    }
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        if (winner!=null){
            return true;
        }{
            if (steps>=100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is"+winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

实现Callable接口

实现Callable接口，需要返回值

重写call方法，需要抛出异常

创建执行服务

提交执行

获取结果

关闭服务

        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable();
        
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable();
        
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        
        Future<String> r1  = ser.submit(t1);
        
        Future<String> r2  = ser.submit(t2);
        
        String re1 = r1.get();
        
        String re2 = r2.get();
        
        System.out.println(re1);
        
        System.out.println(re2);
        
        ser.shutdown();

静态代理

真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口

代理对象要代理真实对象

好处：

代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情

真实对象专注做自己的事情

public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        You you = new You();
        // Lambda表达式
         new Thread(()-> System.out.println("111")).start();
         new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}
interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}
//真实你
class You implements Marry{

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("结婚开心");
    }
}
//代理
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后，收尾");
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚前，布置现场");
    }
}

public class TestLambda {
    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements Ilike{

        @Override
        public void lambda() {

        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Ilike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();
        like = new Like2();
        //局部
        class Like3 implements Ilike{

            @Override
            public void lambda() {

            }
        }
        like = new Like3();
        like.lambda();
        //5.匿名 没有类的名称，必须借助接口或者类的名称
        like = new Ilike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("4");
            }
        };
        like.lambda();
        //6.用lambda
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("5");
        };
        //7.简化
        like = ()-> System.out.println("6");
        like.lambda();
    }
}
    interface Ilike{
        void lambda();
    }
    class Like implements Ilike{

        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("I Like");
        }
    }

总结：

lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化代码，如果有多行，那么就用代码块包裹

前提是接口为函数式接口

多个参数也可以去掉参数类型，要去掉就都去掉，必须加上括号

线程五大状态

创建newThread

就绪start

阻塞 sleep wait

运行

dead(中断或结束)

setPriority(int new Priority) 更改优先级
sleep 睡眠
join 等待该线程终止
yield 暂停
interrupt 中断
isAlive 测试

测试stop

1.建议正常停止 —> 利用次数，不建议死循环
2.不建议使用标准位 -->设置一个标致位
3.不要使用stop或者destory等过时或者jdk不建议

public class TestStop implements Runnable {
//设置一个标致位
    boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run ... Thread"+i++);
        }
    }
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
    new Thread(testStop).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if (i==900){
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

sleep线程睡眠

模拟倒计时

public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                tenDown();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

    }
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num  = 10;
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if (num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

模拟获取当前时间

public class TestSleep3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date time = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(time));
             time = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num  = 10;
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if (num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }

}

线程礼让

让当前的线程暂停，但不阻塞

将线程从运行状态转换为就绪状态

让cpu重新调度，礼让不一定成功！看cup心情

package com.project.thread;
//礼让不一定成功看心情
public class TestYied {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始");
        Thread.yield();//礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止");
    }
}

join合并线程

join合并线程，待此线程执行完成后，在执行其他线程，其他线程阻塞

可以想象成插队

package com.project.thread;
//测试join
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if (i==200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

线程状态

package com.project.thread;
//观察线程状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() ->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(i);
            }
            System.out.println("/");
        });
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//run
        while (state!= Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}

线程优先级

线程的优先级用数字表示，范围从1-10

getPriority()

setPriority(int xxx)

package com.project.thread;

public class TestPriority  extends Thread{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，在启动
        t1.start();
        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();
        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();
        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();
        t5.setPriority(8);
        t5.start();
        t6.setPriority(7);
        t6.start();
    }
    static class MyPriority implements  Runnable{

        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        }
    }
}

守护线程

线程分为用户线程和守护线程

虚拟机确保用户线程执行完毕

虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕

package com.project.thread;

public class TestDaemom {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        you you1 = new you();
        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true); //默认是false表示用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程
        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
        new Thread(you1).start();//用户线程启动
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保护你");
        }
    }
}
//你
class you implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生开心活着");
        }
        System.out.println("====goodbye you");
    }
}

线程同步

多个线程操作同一个资源

并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作

多线程访问同一个对象叫并发

形成条件：队列+锁

问题解决队列加锁

不安全线程

arraylist

同步方法

由于我们可以通过private关键字保证数据只能被方法访问，所以我们只需要针对方法提出一套机制，这套机制就是synchronized关键字，包括两种方法synchronize方法和synchronize块

pubic synchronize void method(int arges){}

缺陷：加上synchronize会大大影响效率

锁太多就浪费资源所以就有锁块

原理：每个人都要排队，当第一个人拿完了下一个人才可以拿

锁默认锁的是this就是本身

所以就需要同步块

synchronized(Obj){}

Obj称之为同步监视器

JUC并发测试

//测试
public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> copyOnWriteArrayList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                copyOnWriteArrayList.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(copyOnWriteArrayList.size());
    }
}

死锁

多个线程各自占有一些共享资源，并且相互等待其他线程占有的资源才能运行，而导致两个或多个线程都在等待对象释放资源，都停止执行的情形某一个同步块同时拥有“两个以上对象的锁”时，就有肯发生死锁问题

产生死锁条件

互斥条件：一个资源只能被一个进程使用

请求与保持条件：一个进程因请求资源而阻塞是，对已获得的资源保持不放

不剥夺条件：进程已经获得的资源，在未使用完之前，不能强行剥夺

循环等待条件：若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系

package com.project.thread;
//死锁
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"慧");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }

}
class Lipstick{

}
class Mirror{

}
class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要资源只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;
    String girlName;
    Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){
                //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror){
                //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

Lock(锁)

显示定义的锁

synchronize和Lock的对比

Lock是显示锁（手动开启和关闭，别忘记关闭锁）synchronize是隐式锁，出了作用域自动释放

Lock只有代码块锁，synchronize有代码锁和方法锁

使用Lock jvm将花费较少的时间来调度线程，性能更好。并且具有更好的扩展性

使用顺序

Lock 同步代码块同步方法

package com.project.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 lock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(lock2).start();
        new Thread(lock2).start();
        new Thread(lock2).start();
    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int tick = 10;

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
        try {
            lock.lock();
        if (tick > 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(tick--);
        }else {
            break;
          }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
      }
    }
  }
}

生产者和消费者(线程通信)

java提供了几个方法解决线程之间的通信问题

方法名	作用
wait()	表示线程会一直等待，直到其它线程通知，与sleep不同，会释放锁
wait(long timeout)	指定等待的毫秒数
nofity()	唤醒一个处于等待状态的线程
nofityAll()	唤醒同一个方法上所有调用wait（）方法的线程，优先级别高的线程优先度

解决方式：

生产者/消费者模式

管程法

package com.project.gaoji;

import javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthConstants;

//测试：生产者和消费者 -》利用缓冲区解决：管程法
//生产者
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }

}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//鸡
class Chicken{
    int id;

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

class SynContainer{
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    int count = 0;

    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        if (count== chickens.length){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;
        this.notifyAll();

    }
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        if (count==0){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }

}

信号灯法

package com.project.gaoji;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}
//生产者 演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i%2==0){
                this.tv.plays("快乐在播放");
            }else {
                this.tv.plays("抖音：记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}
//消费者 观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//产品 节目
class TV{
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;

    public synchronized void plays(String voice){
        if (!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了："+voice);
        this.notifyAll();
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if (flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观众观看"+voice);
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;

    }
}

线程池

提高响应速度

降低资源消耗

便于线程管理

ExecutorService和Executors

package com.project.Poll;

import org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //关闭
        service.shutdown();
    }
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

  this.wait();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    System.out.println("观众观看"+voice);
    this.notifyAll();
    this.flag = !this.flag;

}

}


### 线程池

提高响应速度

降低资源消耗

便于线程管理

ExecutorService和Executors

package com.project.Poll;

import org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}

}

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多线程笔记

文章目录多线程普通方法多线程Process(进程)与Thread(线程)线程三种方式Thread类 Runnable接口 collection接口Thread文件的下载多线程Runable接口继承Thread实现Runable初始并发实现Callable接口静态代理总结：线程五大状态测试stopsleep线程睡眠线程礼让join合并线程线程状态线程优先级守护线程线程同步JUC并发测试死锁Lock(锁)生产者和消费者(线程通信)管程法信号灯法线程池多线程普通方法只有主线程一条执行路径多线程多条执行路
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