go 语言学习笔记⑨——继承

go 语言学习笔记⑨——继承

代码复用，通过匿名字段实现
eg

type Person struct {
	name string
	sex  string
	age  int
}

type Student struct {
	Person//只有类型， 没有名字，匿名字段 （继承Person成员）
	idx int
	add string
}

Student 就继承了Person

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Person struct {
	name string
	sex  string
	age  int
}

type Student struct {
	Person
	idx int
	add string
}

func main() {
	var student Student = Student{}
	fmt.Printf("%+v", student)
	//{Person:{name: sex: age:0} idx:0 add:}
}

顺序赋值

var student Student = Student{Person{"rcm", "c", 19}, 100, "hb"}
fmt.Printf("%+v", student)
//{Person:{name:rcm sex:c age:19} idx:100 add:hb}

自动推导

student := Student{Person{"rcm", "c", 19}, 100, "hb"}
fmt.Printf("%+v", student)
//{Person:{name:rcm sex:c age:19} idx:100 add:hb}

指定成员初始化

没有赋值的默认值为0

student := Student{idx: 100}
fmt.Printf("%+v", student)
//{Person:{name: sex: age:0} idx:100 add:}

继承中有相同成员

就近原则， 赋值给子类

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Person struct {
	name string
	sex  string
	age  int
}

type Student struct {
	Person
	idx  int
	add  string
	name string
}

func main() {
	student := Student{}
	student.name = "rcm"
	fmt.Printf("%v", student)
	//{{  0} 0  rcm}
	
	//如果要给父类中同名元素赋值
	student.Person.name = "hxw"
	fmt.Printf("%v\n", student)
	//{{hxw  0} 0  rcm}
	
}

基础类型的匿名字段

type mystr string

student := Student{100, "hb"}
fmt.Printf("%v\n", student)
//{100 hb}

结构体指针类型的匿名字段

type Person struct {
	name string
	sex  string
	age  int
}

type Student struct {
	*Person
	idx int
	add string
}

var student Student = Student{&Person{"rcm", "c", 19}, 100, "hb"}
fmt.Println(student.Person.age, student.Person.name, student.Person.sex)
//19 rcm c

要用&给成员赋值