数据库查询面试50题

数据库查询面试50题

表的结构

表结构如下：

Student(sid,sname,sage,ssex) 学生表
Course(cid,cname,tid) 课程表
SC(sid,cid,score) 成绩表
Teacher(tid,tname) 教师表

数据库查询

1~10题：

1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号

第一步：查询出001号课程的学生（sc表——a表）

第二步：查询出002号课程的学生（sc表——b表）

第三步：比较两者成绩

SELECT a.sid 
FROM (SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid='001') a,(SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid='002') b 
WHERE a.score>b.score AND a.sid=b.sid;

2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩

SELECT sid,AVG(score) FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING AVG(score)>60;

3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

SELECT s.sid,s.sname,COUNT(sc.cid),SUM(sc.score) 
FROM sc,student s 
WHERE s.sid=sc.sid GROUP BY s.sid;

4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数

SELECT COUNT(tname) FROM teacher WHERE tname LIKE '李%';

5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student 
WHERE sid IN(
	SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(
		SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname='叶平')) 
GROUP BY sid);

6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名

SELECT s.sid, s.sname FROM student s, sc
WHERE s.sid=sc.sid AND sc.cid="001" AND EXISTS(
    SELECT * FROM sc AS sc2 WHERE sc2.sid=sc.sid AND sc2.cid="002");

7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名

SELECT sid, sname FROM student WHERE sid IN (
	SELECT sc.sid FROM sc sc, course c, teacher t 
	WHERE sc.cid=c.cid AND c.tid=t.tid AND t.tname="叶平");

8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名

SELECT sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(SELECT a.sid FROM (SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid='001') a,(SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid='002') b WHERE b.score<a.score AND a.sid=b.sid);

9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(
	SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING AVG(score)<60);

10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名

SELECT sid, sname FROM student 
WHERE sid NOT IN(
	SELECT s.sid FROM student s, sc sc 
	WHERE sc.sid=s.sid GROUP BY s.sid HAVING COUNT(sc.cid)=(
		SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM course));

11~20题：

11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(
	SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid IN(SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid='202009601151'));

12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(
	SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid=(SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid='202009601151'));

13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩

– 1.找到名字叫叶平的老师的id
SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’;
– 2.根据id找到叶平老师教的课的id
SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=‘t02’;
– 3.分别求出两门课的平均分
SELECT cid,AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE cid IN(‘002’,‘007’) GROUP BY cid;
– 4.把sc表中对应的课程id的成绩改为对应的平均分
UPDATE sc s1 INNER JOIN() s2 SET s1.score=s2.score WHERE s1.cid=s2.cid;
– 5.总和
UPDATE sc s1 INNER JOIN(SELECT cid,AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE cid IN(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’)) GROUP BY cid) s2 SET s1.score=s2.score WHERE s1.cid=s2.cid;

UPDATE sc s1 INNER JOIN(
	SELECT cid,AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE cid IN(
		SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(
			SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname='叶平')) GROUP BY cid) s2 
SET s1.score=s2.score WHERE s1.cid=s2.cid;

14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名

– 1.查询“202009601152”号的同学学习的课程
SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=‘202009601152’;
– 2.查询和“202009601152”号的同学学习的课程不同的其他同学学号
SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(
SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=‘202009601152’);
– 3.再用NOT IN查询出非这些同学的学号，即课程完全相同的其他同学学号
SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sid<>‘202009601152’ AND sid NOT IN(
SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(
SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid=‘202009601152’))
GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT()=(
SELECT COUNT() FROM sc WHERE sid=‘202009601152’);

SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sid<>'202009601152' AND sid NOT IN(
	SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(
		SELECT cid FROM sc WHERE sid='202009601152')) 
GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(*)=(
	SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sc WHERE sid='202009601152');

15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录

– 1.找到叶平老师的id
SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’;
– 2.找到叶平老师教的课的课程id
SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’);
– 3.找到课程id对应的成绩
SELECT score FROM sc WHERE cid IN(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’));
– 4.删除记录
DELETE FROM sc WHERE cid IN(SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname=‘叶平’));

DELETE FROM sc WHERE cid IN(
	SELECT cid FROM course WHERE tid=(
		SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname='叶平'));

16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2号课的平均成绩

– 1.没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号
SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(‘003’) GROUP BY sid;
– 2.这些同学的2号课的平均成绩
SELECT AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE sid IN(SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(‘003’) GROUP BY sid) AND cid=‘002’;
– 3.往sc表中插入记录
INSERT INTO sc SELECT sid,‘002’,(SELECT AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE sid IN(SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN(‘003’) GROUP BY sid) AND cid=‘002’);

INSERT INTO sc SELECT sid,'002',(
	SELECT AVG(score) FROM sc WHERE sid IN(
		SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE cid NOT IN('003') GROUP BY sid) AND cid='002');

17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分

select sid as 学生id,
(SELECT score from sc 
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='004') as 数据库,
(select score from sc 
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='001') as 企业管理,
(select score from sc 
where sc.sid = t.sid and cid='015') as 英语,
count(cid) as 有效课程数, avg(t.score) as 平均成绩
from sc as t 
group by sid
order by avg(t.score);

18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分

select l.cid as 课程id,l.score as 最高分,
r.score as 最低分
from sc l,sc r
where l.cid = r.cid
and l.score = 
(select max(t.score) from sc t 
where l.cid = t.cid group by t.cid)
and r.score = (select min(t.score) from sc t 
where r.cid = t.cid group by t.cid)
order by l.cid;
select cid as 课程id,max(score) as 最高分,
min(score) as 最低分
from sc 
group by cid;

19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序

SELECT t.cid as 课程号,
c.cname as 课程名,
COALESCE(avg(score),0) as 平均成绩,
100*sum(case 
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60 
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*) as 及格百分数
from sc t
left join course c 
on t.cid = c.cid
group by t.cid
order by 100*sum(case 
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60 
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*);

20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理（001），马克思（002），OO&UML （003），数据库（004）

SELECT t.cid as 课程号,
c.cname as 课程名,
COALESCE(avg(score),0) as 平均成绩,
100*sum(case 
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60 
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*) as 及格百分数
from sc t
left join course c 
on t.cid = c.cid
group by t.cid
order by 100*sum(case 
when COALESCE(score,0)>=60 
then 1 else 0 END)/count(*);

21~30题：

21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

select t.tid as 教师id,
t.tname as 教师姓名,
sc.cid as 课程id,
avg(score) as 平均成绩
from sc as sc
LEFT JOIN course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid
group by sc.cid 
order by avg(sc.score) desc;

22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理（001），马克思（002），UML （003），数据库（004）
[学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩

select t.tid as 教师id,
t.tname as 教师姓名,
sc.cid as 课程id,
avg(score) as 平均成绩
from sc as sc
LEFT JOIN course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid
group by sc.cid 
order by avg(sc.score) desc;

23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]

select sc.cid as 课程id,cname as 课程名称,
sum(case when score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]',
sum(case when score between 70 and 85 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]',
sum(case when score between 60 and 70 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]',
sum(case when score<60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[60-0]'
from sc as sc 
left join course as c
on sc.cid = c.cid
group by sc.cid;

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次

select 1+(select count(distinct 平均成绩) 
from (select sid,avg(score) as 平均成绩 
from sc group by sid)t1 
where 平均成绩>t2.平均成绩) as 名次,
sid as 学生学号,平均成绩 
from (select sid,avg(score) 平均成绩 from sc group by sid) as t2
order by 平均成绩 desc;

25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

select sid,cid,score
from sc sc_1
where (
select count(3) from sc sc_2 
where sc_1.cid = sc_2.cid 
and sc_2.score>=sc_1.score)<=2 
order by sc_1.cid);

26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT cid,COUNT(sid) FROM sc GROUP BY cid;

27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

– 1.查询出只选修一门课程的全部学生的学号
SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(cid)=1;
– 2.根据学号查询出姓名
SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(cid)=1);

SELECT sid,sname FROM student WHERE sid IN(
    SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(cid)=1);

28、查询男生、女生人数

SELECT COUNT(sid) AS '男生人数' FROM student WHERE ssex='男';
SELECT COUNT(sid) AS '女生人数' FROM student WHERE ssex='女';

29、查询姓“张”的学生名单

SELECT * FROM student WHERE sname LIKE '张%';

30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

SELECT s1.*,COUNT(s1.sid) AS '同名人数' FROM student s1,student s2 
WHERE s1.sname=s2.sname AND s1.sid<>s2.sid;

31~40题：

31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)

SELECT * FROM student WHERE YEAR(sage)=1981;

32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列

SELECT cid,AVG(score) FROM sc GROUP BY cid ORDER BY AVG(score),cid DESC;

33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT s.sname,sc.sid,avg(sc.score) AS '平均成绩' FROM sc
LEFT JOIN student s ON sc.sid = s.sid GROUP BY sc.sid HAVING avg(sc.score)>85;

34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

select c.cname,s.sid,s.sname,sc.score
from course c
left join sc on sc.cid = c.cid
LEFT JOIN student s on s.sid = sc.sid
where c.cname = '数据库' and sc.score<60;

35、查询所有学生的选课情况

select sc.sid,sc.cid,s.sname,c.cname
from sc 
LEFT JOIN course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid;

36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

select distinct s.sid,s.sname,sc.cid,sc.score
from sc 
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
left join course c on sc.cid = c.cid
where sc.score>70;

37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列

SELECT score FROM sc WHERE score<60 ORDER BY score DESC;

38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名

select sc.sid,s.sname 
from sc 
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
where sc.cid = '003' and sc.score>80;

39、求选了课程的学生人数

SELECT COUNT(*) AS '选了课程的学生人数' FROM (
    SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(cid)>1) a;

40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩

select s.sname,sc.score
from sc sc 
left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid
left join course c on sc.cid = c.cid
left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid
where t.tname = '叶平'
and sc.score = (
select max(score) 
from sc sc_1 
where sc.cid = sc_1.cid);

41~50题：

41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数

SELECT cid,COUNT(sid) FROM sc GROUP BY sid;

42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩

SELECT a.sid,a.cid,a.score FROM sc a,sc b WHERE a.sid<>b.sid AND a.score=b.score;

43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

select cid as 课程号,count(8) as 选修人数
from sc
group by cid
HAVING count(sid)>10
order by count(8) desc,cid;

44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select cid as 课程号,count(8) as 选修人数
from sc
group by cid
HAVING count(sid)>10
order by count(8) desc,cid;

45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING COUNT(cid)>2;

46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名

SELECT cid,cname FROM course WHERE cid IN(SELECT cid FROM sc);

47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select sname from student 
where sid not in (
    select sid 
    from sc,course,teacher 
    where course.tid = teacher.tid and sc.cid = course.cid 
    and teacher.tname='叶平');

48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩

select sid,avg(COALESCE(score,0)) from sc
where sid in (
    select sid 
    from sc 
    where score<60 
    group by sid 
    having count(8)>2)
group by sid;

49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号

SELECT sid,score FROM sc WHERE cid='004' AND score<60 ORDER BY score DESC;

50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩

DELETE FROM sc WHERE sid='002' AND cid='001';