Linux——网络编程二

一、多路复用：

基本常识：

   linux中每个进程默认情况下，最多可以打开1024个文件，最多有1024个文件描述符
   文件描述符的特点：　　
     1.非负整数
　 2.从最小可用的数字来分配
　３.每个进程启动时默认打开０，１,２三个文件描述符

多路复用针对不止套接字fd,也针对普通的文件描述fd

I\O模型

 阻塞IO模型

sendto不阻塞 

读阻塞

 写阻塞

 非阻塞模式IO

 

 轮询不需要阻塞，一般写成这样很欠揍👀👀👀👀👀

非阻塞模型实现

 多路复用IO思想

多路复用服务器模型：

 select()/poll()实现多路复用

 select参数

 函数select

 select宏

 TCP多路复用

 

 其它函数

 demo

 伪代码

int main (void)
{
	fd_set rset;
	int maxfd = -1;

	struct timeval tout;

	fd = socket ( ...);
	bind (fd, ...);
	listen (fd, ...);

	while (1) {
		maxfd = fd;
		FD_ZERO (&rset);

		FD_SET (fd, &rset);
		//依次把已经建立好连接fd加入到集合中,记录下来最大的文件描述符maxfd
		//...FIXME!!
#if 0
		select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
#else
		tout.tv_sec = 5;
		tout.tv_usec = 0;
		select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tout);
#endif
		if (FD_ISSET (fd, &rset)) {
			newfd = accept (fd, ....);
		}
		//依次判断已建立连接的客户端是否有数据
		//...FIXME!

	}
	return 0;
}

测试代码

/*./client serv_ip serv_port */
#include "net.h"

void usage (char *s)
{
	printf ("\n%s serv_ip serv_port", s);
	printf ("\n\t serv_ip: server ip address");
	printf ("\n\t serv_port: server port(>5000)\n\n");
}

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
	int fd = -1;

	int port = -1;
	struct sockaddr_in sin;

	if (argc != 3) {
		usage (argv[0]);
		exit (1);
	}
	/* 1. 创建socket fd */
	if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
		perror ("socket");
		exit (1);
	}

	port = atoi (argv[2]);
	if (port < 5000) {
		usage (argv[0]);
		exit (1);
	}
	/*2.连接服务器 */

	/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
	bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));

	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons (port);	//网络字节序的端口号
#if 0
	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr (SERV_IP_ADDR);
#else
	if (inet_pton (AF_INET, argv[1], (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
		perror ("inet_pton");
		exit (1);
	}
#endif

	if (connect (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
		perror ("connect");
		exit (1);
	}

	printf ("Client staring...OK!\n");

	int ret = -1;
	fd_set rset;
	int maxfd = -1;
	struct timeval tout;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];

	while (1) {
		FD_ZERO (&rset);
		FD_SET (0, &rset);
		FD_SET (fd, &rset);
		maxfd = fd;

		tout.tv_sec = 5;
		tout.tv_usec = 0;

		select (maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tout);
		if (FD_ISSET (0, &rset)) {	//标准键盘上有输入
			//读取键盘输入，发送到网络套接字fd
			bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
			do {
				ret = read (0, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
			} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
			if (ret < 0) {
				perror ("read");
				continue;
			}
			if (!ret)
				continue;

			if (write (fd, buf, strlen (buf)) < 0) {
				perror ("write() to socket");
				continue;
			}

			if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {	//用户输入了quit字符
				printf ("Client is exiting!\n");
				break;
			}
		}

		if (FD_ISSET (fd, &rset)) {	//服务器给发送过来了数据
			//读取套接字数据，处理
			bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
			do {
				ret = read (fd, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
			} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
			if (ret < 0) {
				perror ("read from socket");
				continue;
			}
			if (!ret)
				break;			/* 服务器关闭 */

			//There is a BUG,FIXME!!
			printf ("server said: %s\n", buf);
			if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {	//用户输入了quit字符
				printf ("Sender Client is exiting!\n");
				break;
			}

		}
	}

	/*4.关闭套接字 */
	close (fd);
}

#ifndef __MAKEU_NET_H__
#define __MAKEU_NET_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>			/* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>			/* superset of previous */

#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
//#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>



#define SERV_PORT 5002
#define SERV_IP_ADDR "192.168.7.246"
#define BACKLOG 5

#define QUIT_STR "quit"

#endif

#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "net.h"

void cli_data_handle (void *arg);

void sig_child_handle(int signo)
{
	if(SIGCHLD == signo) {
		waitpid(-1, NULL,  WNOHANG);
	}
}
int main (void)
{

	int fd = -1;
	struct sockaddr_in sin;
	
	signal(SIGCHLD, sig_child_handle);	

	/* 1. 创建socket fd */
	if ((fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
		perror ("socket");
		exit (1);
	}

	/*优化4： 允许绑定地址快速重用 */
	int b_reuse = 1;
	setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &b_reuse, sizeof (int));


	/*2. 绑定 */
	/*2.1 填充struct sockaddr_in结构体变量 */
	bzero (&sin, sizeof (sin));
	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons (SERV_PORT);	//网络字节序的端口号

	/*优化1: 让服务器程序能绑定在任意的IP上 */
#if 1
	sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
#else
	if (inet_pton (AF_INET, SERV_IP_ADDR, (void *) &sin.sin_addr) != 1) {
		perror ("inet_pton");
		exit (1);
	}
#endif
	/*2.2 绑定 */
	if (bind (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof (sin)) < 0) {
		perror ("bind");
		exit (1);
	}

	/*3. 调用listen()把主动套接字变成被动套接字 */
	if (listen (fd, BACKLOG) < 0) {
		perror ("listen");
		exit (1);
	}
	printf ("Server starting....OK!\n");
	int newfd = -1;
	/*4. 阻塞等待客户端连接请求 */
	
        struct sockaddr_in cin;
        socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (cin);
	while(1) {
		pid_t pid = -1;
		if ((newfd = accept (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &cin, &addrlen)) < 0) {
                        perror ("accept");
                        break;
                }
		/*创建一个子进程用于处理已建立连接的客户的交互数据*/
		if((pid = fork()) < 0) {
			perror("fork");
			break;
		}
		
		if(0 == pid) {  //子进程中
			close(fd);
			char ipv4_addr[16];
                
			if (!inet_ntop (AF_INET, (void *) &cin.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof (cin))) {
                        	perror ("inet_ntop");
                        	exit (1);
               	 	}

               	 	printf ("Clinet(%s:%d) is connected!\n", ipv4_addr, ntohs(cin.sin_port));	
			cli_data_handle(&newfd);		
			return 0;	
		
		} else { //实际上此处 pid >0, 父进程中 
			close(newfd);
		}
		

	}		


	close (fd);
	return 0;
}

void cli_data_handle (void *arg)
{
	int newfd = *(int *) arg;

	printf ("Child handling process: newfd =%d\n", newfd);

	//..和newfd进行数据读写


	int ret = -1;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];
	char resp_buf[BUFSIZ+10];
	while (1) {
		bzero (buf, BUFSIZ);
		do {
			ret = read (newfd, buf, BUFSIZ - 1);
		} while (ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
		if (ret < 0) {

			perror ("read");
			exit (1);
		}
		if (!ret) {				//对方已经关闭
			break;
		}
		printf ("Receive data: %s\n", buf);
		
		if (!strncasecmp (buf, QUIT_STR, strlen (QUIT_STR))) {	//用户输入了quit字符
			printf ("Client(fd=%d) is exiting!\n", newfd);
			break;
		}

		bzero(resp_buf, BUFSIZ+10);
		
		strncpy(resp_buf, SERV_RESP_STR, strlen(SERV_RESP_STR));
		strcat(resp_buf, buf); 	
		do {
			ret = write(newfd, resp_buf, strlen(resp_buf));	
		}while(ret < 0 && EINTR == errno);
		
	}
	close (newfd);

}

  1 #Makefile
  2 #CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-gnu-
  3 #CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
  4 CC = gcc
  5 DEBUG = -g -o0 -Wall
  6 CFLAGS += $(DEBUG)
  7 PROGS = ${patsubst %.c, %, ${wildcard *.c}}
  8 % : %.c
  9         $(CC)  $(CFLAGS)  $< -o $@ -lpthread
 10 all : $(PROGS)
 11 

这里出现了点问题老师的ubuntu和我的版本不同所以我还需要加两个头文件

具体可看报错合集2

然后有个错误有个宏不认识，man了半天，最后发现是自己定义的

#define SERV_RESP_STR "SERVER:"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>

typedef struct sockaddr Addr;
typedef struct sockaddr_in Addr_in;
typedef struct Node{
	int fd;
	struct Node *next;
}Node;

#define BACKLOG 5

void Argment(int argc, char *argv[]);
void NodeCreate(Node **p);
void AcceptHandle(int sfd, Node **H);
int ClientHandle(int fd);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ret, sfd, nfd = 0;
	Addr_in saddr;
	fd_set rfds;
	Node *H, *p = NULL;

	Argment(argc, argv);

	NodeCreate(&H);

	sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sfd < 0)
	{
		perror("socket");
		exit(0);
	}

	saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	saddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
	saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);

	if(bind(sfd, (Addr *)&saddr, sizeof(Addr_in)))
	{
		perror("bind");
		exit(0);
	}

	if(listen(sfd, BACKLOG))
	{
		perror("listen");
		exit(0);
	}

	H->fd =sfd;
	while(1)
	{
		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
		p = H;
		nfd = 0;
		while(p != NULL)
		{
			if(p->fd > nfd)
				nfd = p->fd;
			FD_SET(p->fd, &rfds);
			p = p->next;
		}
		printf("nfd = %d run select...\n", nfd);
		ret =select(nfd+1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
		if(!ret)
			continue;
		if(ret < 0)
		{
			perror("select");
			exit(0);
		}
		p = H;
		while(p->next != NULL)
		{
			if(FD_ISSET(p->fd, &rfds))
			{
				if(ClientHandle(p->fd) <= 0)
				{
					close(p->fd);
					Node *q = p->next;
					p->fd = q->fd;
					p->next = q->next;
					free(q);
					continue;
				}
			}
			p = p->next;
		}
		if(FD_ISSET(p->fd, &rfds))
			AcceptHandle(p->fd, &H);
#if 1
		p = H;
		puts("");
		printf("Node:");
		while(p != NULL)
		{
			printf("%d ", p->fd);
			p = p->next;
		}
#endif
		if(H->next == NULL)
			break;
	}
	close(sfd);
	free(H);
	return 0;
}

void Argment(int argc, char *argv[])//错误输出
{
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "%s [addr] [port]\n", argv[0]);
		exit(0);
	}
}

void NodeCreate(Node **p)//创建节点
{
	*p = malloc(sizeof(Node));
	if(p == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc");
		exit(0);
	}
	bzero(*p, sizeof(Node));
}

void AcceptHandle(int sfd, Node **H)//Accept句柄
{
	Node *p = NULL;
	Addr_in caddr;
	socklen_t caddr_len = sizeof(Addr_in);
	int cfd = accept(sfd, (Addr *)&caddr, &caddr_len);
	if(cfd < 0)
	{
		perror("accept");
		exit(0);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "client %s:%d connect success.\n",
			inet_ntoa(caddr.sin_addr), ntohs(caddr.sin_port));
	NodeCreate(&p);
	p->fd = cfd;
	p->next = *H;
	*H = p;
}

int ClientHandle(int fd)//客户端句柄
{
	int ret;
	char buf[1024] = {};
	ret = recv(fd, buf, 1024, 0);
	if(ret <= 0)
		return 0;
	printf("fd=%d buf = %s\n",fd, buf);
	if(buf[0] == '#')
		return 0;
	return ret;
}