JavaSE——网络编程

网络编程的两个要素

1. IP

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    InetAddress address = Inet4Address.getByName("www.baidu.com");
    System.out.println(address);
    System.out.println(address.getHostName());//获得域名
    System.out.println(address.getHostAddress());//获得ip地址
    InetAddress localHost = Inet4Address.getLocalHost();
    System.out.println(localHost);
}

2. 端口号

0-1023公认端口
1024-49151注册端口 分配给用户进程或应用程序
49152-65535 动态、私有端口

3. 网络协议

1、TCP
先建立TCP连接，采用三次握手，进行通信的两个应用进程：客户端和服务端
在连接中可以进行大数据量的传输，传输完毕需要释放已经建立的连接，效率低。
2、UDP
将数据、源和目的封装成数据包，不需要建立连接，每个数据包的大小限制在64k以内，可以广播发送，发送数据结束时无需释放资源、开销小速度快。

TCP示例1：服务端和客户端本机通信

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class test{
    @Test
    public void client(){
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream osm = null;
        try {
            InetAddress inet = Inet4Address.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            socket = new Socket(inet, 8899);
            osm = socket.getOutputStream();
            osm.write("这里是客户端".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(osm!=null) {
                try {
                    osm.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if(socket!=null) {
                        try {
                            socket.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }


    }
    @Test
    public void server(){
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8899);
            accept = serverSocket.accept();
            is = accept.getInputStream();
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] cbuf = new byte[5];
            int len;
            while((len=is.read(cbuf))!=-1){
                baos.write(cbuf,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(baos!=null) try {
                baos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(accept!=null){
                try {
                    accept.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

TCP示例2：将客户端发送的图片保存到服务器端

public class test{
    @Test
    public void client(){
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        InputStream is=null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket(Inet4Address.getLocalHost(),8809);
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("bg.jpg"));
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            byte[] cbuf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len=bis.read(cbuf))!=-1){
                os.write(cbuf,0,len);
            }
            socket.shutdownOutput();//发送端发送完了终止发送
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buf = new byte[20];
            int l;
            while((l=is.read(buf))!=-1){
                baos.write(buf,0,l);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(bis!=null){
                try {
                    bis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
        
    @Test
    public void server(){
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8809);
            accept = serverSocket.accept();
            is = accept.getInputStream();
            fos = new FileOutputStream("bg1.jpg");
            byte[] cbuf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len=is.read(cbuf))!=-1){
                fos.write(cbuf,0,len);
            }
            os = accept.getOutputStream();
            os.write("图片已经收到了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(fos!=null){
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(accept!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

UDP示例

public class test{
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        String str="UDP的传送方式";
        byte[] data=str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        InetAddress inet = Inet4Address.getLocalHost();
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, inet, 8809);
        socket.send(packet);
        socket.close();
    }
        
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8809);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }
}

URL编程

//URL常用方法
public class test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost/examples/bg.jpg");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
        System.out.println(url.getHost());
        System.out.println(url.getPort());
        System.out.println(url.getPath());
        System.out.println(url.getFile());
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args){
    HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
    InputStream is = null;
    FileOutputStream fos = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost/examples/bg.jpg");
        urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        urlConnection.connect();
        is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        fos = new FileOutputStream("bg2.jpg");
        byte[] cbuf = new byte[20];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(cbuf))!=-1){
            fos.write(cbuf,0,len);
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if(fos!=null){
            try {
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(is!=null){
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(urlConnection!=null){
            urlConnection.disconnect();
        }
    }
}