SpringCloud AlibabaSentinel实现熔断与限流

简介

Sentinelhttps://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D中文官网

一句话解释，之前我们讲解过的Hystrix

 下载地址https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases

作用：

服务使用中的各种问题：服务雪崩、服务降级、服务熔断、服务限流。

安装Sentinel控制台

sentinel组件由2部分构成

 安装步骤

下载到本地sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar。前提条件8080端口不能被占用，java8环境OK，命令：java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

访问sentinel管理界面

 http://localhost:8080     登录账号密码均为sentinel

初始化演示工程

启动Nacos8848成功 

 http://localhost:8848/nacos/#/login

Module

cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

<dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

yml

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #Nacos服务注册中心地址
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
 
 

主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
    }
}

业务类FlowLimitController

@RestController
public class FlowLimitController
{

    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA()
    {
        return "------testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB()
    {
        return "------testB";
    }
}

启动Sentinel8080   java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar         启动微服务8401

启动8401微服务后查看sentienl控制台。空空如也，啥都没有因为Sentinel采用的懒加载说明，

执行一次访问即可http://localhost:8401/testA

流控规则

基本介绍

 

流控模式

 直接(默认)

直接->快速失败（系统默认）

配置及说明

表示1秒钟内查询1次就是OK，若超过次数1，就直接-快速失败，报默认错误

 测试

快速点击访问http://localhost:8401/testA

结果

Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

直接调用默认报错信息，技术方面OK，but,是否应该有我们自己的后续处理?类似有个fallback的兜底方法？

关联

 当关联的资源达到阈值时，就限流自己,当与A关联的资源B达到阀值后，就限流A自己,B惹事，A挂了

设置效果
当关联资源/testB的qps阀值超过1时，就限流/testA的Rest访问地址，当关联资源到阈值后限制配置好的资源名

 postman模拟并发密集访问testB

  访问testB成功

 postman里新建多线程集合组

将访问地址添加进新新线程组 Run 

大批量线程高并发访问B，导致A失效了

链路 

多个请求调用了同一个微服务

链路流控模式指的是，当从某个接口过来的资源达到限流条件时，开启限流。它的功能有点类似于针对来源配置项，区别在于：针对来源是针对上级微服务，而链路流控是针对上级接口，也就是说它的粒度更细。

流控效果

直接->快速失败(默认的流控处理)

直接失败，抛出异常  Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

预热

公式：阈值除以coldFactor(默认值为3),经过预热时长后才会达到阈值

 默认coldFactor为3，即请求 QPS 从 threshold / 3 开始，经预热时长逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。

限流 冷启动

WarmUp配置

默认 coldFactor 为 3，即请求QPS从(threshold / 3) 开始，经多少预热时长才逐渐升至设定的 QPS 阈值。
案例，阀值为10+预热时长设置5秒。
系统初始化的阀值为10 / 3 约等于3,即阀值刚开始为3；然后过了5秒后阀值才慢慢升高恢复到10

 多次点击http://localhost:8401/testB。刚开始不行，后续慢慢OK

应用场景

如：秒杀系统在开启的瞬间，会有很多流量上来，很有可能把系统打死，预热方式就是把为了保护系统，可慢慢的把流量放进来，慢慢的把阀值增长到设置的阀值

排队等待

匀速排队，让请求以均匀的速度通过，阀值类型必须设成QPS，否则无效。
设置含义：/testA每秒1次请求，超过的话就排队等待，等待的超时时间为20000毫秒。

 

降级规则

 RT（平均响应时间，秒级）
      平均响应时间   超出阈值  且   在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5，两个条件同时满足后触发降级
      窗口期过后关闭断路器
      RT最大4900（更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效）
 
异常比列（秒级）
    QPS >= 5 且异常比例（秒级统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级

异常数（分钟级）
     异常数（分钟统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级

Sentinel 熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时（例如调用超时或异常比例升高），对这个资源的调用进行限制，让请求快速失败，避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。
当资源被降级后，在接下来的降级时间窗口之内，对该资源的调用都自动熔断（默认行为是抛出 DegradeException）。

Sentinel的断路器是没有半开状态的

半开的状态系统自动去检测是否请求有异常，没有异常就关闭断路器恢复使用，有异常则继续打开断路器不可用。具体可以参考Hystrix

Hystrix断路器_不知名路人～的博客-CSDN博客

降级策略实战

RT

 

 测试

@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
    //暂停几秒钟线程
    try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
    log.info("testD 测试RT");
    return "------testD";
}
 

 

 测试

 

按照上述配置，
 永远一秒钟打进来10个线程（大于5个了）调用testD，我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务，
如果超过200毫秒还没处理完，在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内，断路器打开(保险丝跳闸)微服务不可用，保险丝跳闸断电了
 后续我停止jmeter，没有这么大的访问量了，断路器关闭(保险丝恢复)，微服务恢复OK

异常比例 

 测试

@GetMapping("/testD")
public String testD()
{
    log.info("testD 测试RT");
    int age = 10/0;
    return "------testD";
}

 

按照上述配置，
单独访问一次，必然来一次报错一次(int age  = 10/0)，调一次错一次；

开启jmeter后，直接高并发发送请求，多次调用达到我们的配置条件了。
断路器开启(保险丝跳闸)，微服务不可用了，不再报错error而是服务降级了。 

异常数

 时间窗口一定要大于等于60秒。

 

 异常数是按照分钟统计的

测试

@GetMapping("/testE")
public String testE()
{
    log.info("testE 测试异常比例");
    int age = 10/0;
    return "------testE 测试异常比例";
}

  http://localhost:8401/testE，第一次访问绝对报错，因为除数不能为零，
我们看到error窗口，但是达到5次报错后，进入熔断后降级。

热点key限流

何为热点
热点即经常访问的数据，很多时候我们希望统计或者限制某个热点数据中访问频次最高的TopN数据，并对其访问进行限流或者其它操作

兜底方法
分为系统默认和客户自定义，两种
  之前的case，限流出问题后，都是用sentinel系统默认的提示：Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)
  我们能不能自定?类似hystrix，某个方法出问题了，就找对应的兜底降级方法？ 
结论
    从HystrixCommand 到@SentinelResource

代码

@GetMapping("/testHotKey")
@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")
public String testHotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false) String p1, 
                         @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false) String p2){
    return "------testHotKey";
}
public String dealHandler_testHotKey(String p1,String p2,BlockException exception)
{
    return "-----dealHandler_testHotKey";
}
 
 
 sentinel系统默认的提示：Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)

配置 

 
限流模式只支持QPS模式，固定写死了。（这才叫热点）
@SentinelResource注解的方法参数索引，0代表第一个参数，1代表第二个参数，以此类推
单机阀值以及统计窗口时长表示在此窗口时间超过阀值就限流。
上面的抓图就是第一个参数有值的话，1秒的QPS为1，超过就限流，限流后调用dealHandler_testHotKey支持方法。

1. @SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey")  异常打到了前台用户界面看到，不友好

2.@SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "dealHandler_testHotKey")

方法testHotKey里面第一个参数只要QPS超过每秒1次，马上降级处理，用了我们自己定义的

测试

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=abc                                              失败

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=abc&p2=33                                  失败

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p2=abc                                                成功

参数例外项

上述案例演示了第一个参数p1，当QPS超过1秒1次点击后马上被限流

特例情况 普通 超过1秒钟一个后，达到阈值1后马上被限流。我们期望p1参数当它是某个特殊值时，它的限流值和平时不一样。假如当p1的值等于5时，它的阈值可以达到200

配置

 

测试

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=5                             √

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=3                              ×

当p1等于5的时候，阈值变为200        当p1不等于5的时候，阈值就是平常的1

热点参数的注意点，参数必须是基本类型或者String

@SentinelResource
处理的是Sentinel控制台配置的违规情况，有blockHandler方法配置的兜底处理；
RuntimeException
int age = 10/0,这个是java运行时报出的运行时异常RunTimeException，@SentinelResource不管。
总结
 @SentinelResource主管配置出错，运行出错该走异常走异常

系统规则

即配置全局QPS 

@SentinelResource

按资源名称限流+后续处理

启动Nacos成功    http://localhost:8848/nacos/#/login

启动Sentinel成功     java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar

cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

pom

<dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.zjh.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

yml

 
server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        port: 8719

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
 

业务类RateLimitController

@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
    {
        return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
    }
}

主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
    }
}

配置流控规则

步骤

 图形配置和代码关系

表示1秒钟内查询次数大于1，就跑到我们自定义的处流，限流 

测试：1秒钟点击1下，OK；超过上述，疯狂点击，返回了自己定义的限流处理信息，限流发生

额外问题

Sentinel控制台，流控规则消失了？？？？？

按照Url地址限流+后续处理

通过访问的URL来限流，会返回Sentinel自带默认的限流处理信息

业务类

@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
    {
        return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
    }

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
    public CommonResult byUrl()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }
}
 

访问一次

http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl

Sentinel控制台配置

 上面兜底方案面临的问题

1    系统默认的，没有体现我们自己的业务要求。
 
2  依照现有条件，我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块，不直观。
 
3  每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的，那代码膨胀加剧。
 
4  全局统一的处理方法没有体现。

客户自定义限流处理逻辑

创建CustomerBlockHandler类用于自定义限流处理逻辑

CustomerBlockHandler

public class CustomerBlockHandler
{
    public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
        return new CommonResult(2020,"自定义的限流处理信息......CustomerBlockHandler");
    }
}

 RateLimitController

@RestController
public class RateLimitController
{
    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
    {
        return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
    }

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
    public CommonResult byUrl()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }

    /**
     * 自定义通用的限流处理逻辑，
     blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class
     blockHandler = handleException2
     上述配置：找CustomerBlockHandler类里的handleException2方法进行兜底处理
     */
    /**
     * 自定义通用的限流处理逻辑
     */
    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
    @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
            blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class, blockHandler = "handleException2")
    public CommonResult customerBlockHandler()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按客户自定义限流处理逻辑");
    }

}

启动微服务后先调用一次http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler

Sentinel控制台配置

 

 更多注解属性说明

 
所有的代码都要用try-catch-finally方式进行处理，o(╥﹏╥)o

Sentinel主要有三个核心Api

SphU定义资源                             Tracer定义统计                        ContextUtil定义了上下文

 服务熔断功能

sentinel整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback

Ribbon系列

启动nacos和sentinel

提供者9003/9004

新建cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003/9004两个一样的做法

<dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.zjh.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml

 
server:
  port: 9003

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'


 
 

主启动

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain9003
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9003.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
    static
    {
        hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
        hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
        hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
        CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
        return result;
    }



}

测试地址：http://localhost:9003/paymentSQL/1

消费者84

新建cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84

<dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zjh.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml

server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719


#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
 

主启动

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

ApplicationContextConfig

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

CircleBreakerController 

fallback管运行异常，blockHandler管配置违规

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback") 
     public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
}

测试地址：http://localhost:84/consumer/fallback/1 

没有任何配置给客户error页面，不友好

只配置fallback

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
}

结果

 只配置blockHandler

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
     @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
        }
        return result;
    }
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }

}

 

  异常超过2次后，断路器打开，断电跳闸，系统被保护

fallback和blockHandler都配置

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
     @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
        }
        return result;
    }
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }

}

 

 

 

若 blockHandler 和 fallback 都进行了配置，则被限流降级而抛出 BlockException 时只会进入 blockHandler 处理逻辑。

忽略属性.......

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback", fallback = "handlerFallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler",
            exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);
        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录");
        }
        return result;
    }
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"fallback,无此流水,exception  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }
}

 结果

Feign系列 

修改84模块，84消费者调用提供者9003，Feign组件一般是消费侧

<dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zjh.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

yml  激活Sentinel对Feign的支持

server:
  port: 84

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #Nacos服务注册中心地址
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true  

主启动 添加@EnableFeignClients启动Feign的功能 

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

带@FeignClient注解的业务接口

/** 使用 fallback 方式是无法获取异常信息的，
 * 如果想要获取异常信息，可以使用 fallbackFactory参数
 */
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)//调用中关闭9003服务提供者
public interface PaymentService
{
    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService
{
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
    {
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,没有该流水信息",new Payment(id, "errorSerial......"));
    }
}

 Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController
{
    public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback") //没有配置
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback只负责业务异常
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler只负责sentinel控制台配置违规
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
            exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
    {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if (id == 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
        }else if (result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return result;
    }
    //本例是fallback
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
    }
    //本例是blockHandler
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable  Long id,BlockException blockException) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException  "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
    }

    //==================OpenFeign
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/openfeign/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        if(id == 4)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("没有该id");
        }
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }

}

http://localhost:84/consumer/paymentSQL/1

测试84调用9003，此时故意关闭9003微服务提供者，看84消费侧自动降级，不会被耗死

熔断框架比较

 规则持久化

一旦我们重启应用，sentinel规则将消失，生产环境需要将配置规则进行持久化。

将限流配置规则持久化进Nacos保存，只要刷新8401某个rest地址，sentinel控制台
的流控规则就能看到，只要Nacos里面的配置不删除，针对8401上sentinel上的流控规则持续有效

步骤

修改cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>

yml

 
server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        port: 8719
      datasource:
        ds1:
          nacos:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
            dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service   #${spring.application.name}
            groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
            data-type: json
            rule-type: flow

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
 
 

 添加Nacos业务规则配置

内容解析

[
    {
        "resource": "/rateLimit/byUrl",
        "limitApp": "default",
        "grade": 1,
        "count": 1,
        "strategy": 0,
        "controlBehavior": 0,
        "clusterMode": false
    }
]

 
resource：资源名称；
limitApp：来源应用；
grade：阈值类型，0表示线程数，1表示QPS；
count：单机阈值；
strategy：流控模式，0表示直接，1表示关联，2表示链路；
controlBehavior：流控效果，0表示快速失败，1表示Warm Up，2表示排队等待；
clusterMode：是否集群。

 启动8401后刷新sentinel发现业务规则有了

停止8401再看sentinel

 重新启动8401再看sentinel

调用：http://localhost:8401/rateLimit/byUrl     重新配置出现了，持久化验证通过