Java ：多态、instanceof、类型转换

一、多态

主要包含测试文件、父类文件Person1、子类文件Teacher1

//Application
package com.MA;

import com.MA.operator.demo3duotai.Person1;
import com.MA.operator.demo3duotai.Teacher1;

public class Application {


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Teacher1 t1 = new Teacher1();//正常new
        Person1 t2 = new Teacher1(); //父类引用指向子类
        Object t3 = new Teacher1(); //object也行
        t2.run();//父类定义子类
        t1.run();//子类重写父类里的方法
        t1.eat();
        ((Teacher1)t2).eat(); //向下转换 相当于强制性int小数点    
    }
}

//Person1
package com.MA.operator.demo3duotai;

public class Person1 {
    public void run(){
        System.out.println("run");
    }
}

//Teacher1
package com.MA.operator.demo3duotai;

public class Teacher1 extends Person1{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("儿子就要jump");
    }
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println("eat");
    }
}

这里通过override重写了父类的方法，看一下Application里的输出:

儿子就要jump
儿子就要jump
eat
eat

如果只是t2.eat()会报错因为子类中有方法而父类中没有该方法，这是需要一下代码进行强制转换

        ((Teacher1)t2).eat(); //向下转换 相当于强制性int小数点

二、Instanceof

//instanceof 用来进行判断类型是否相似
        //System.out.println(X instanceof Y); //判断XY的关系
        //Object    ->  Person1  -> Teacher1
        //Person1   ->  Teacher1
        //Object    ->  String

        Object object = new Teacher1();
        System.out.println(object instanceof Teacher1);
        System.out.println(object instanceof Person1);
        System.out.println(object instanceof Object);
        System.out.println(object instanceof String); //不是父子关系
        System.out.println("*********************************");
        Person1 person1 = new Teacher1();
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Teacher1);
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Person1);
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Object);
//      System.out.println(person1 instanceof String); //编译就报错 Person和String都是同级关系他们无法比较
        Teacher1 teacher1 = new Teacher1();
        System.out.println(teacher1 instanceof Teacher1);
        System.out.println(teacher1 instanceof Person1);
        System.out.println(teacher1 instanceof Object);
//      System.out.println(person1 instanceof String); //同样如果父类下同样设置Student也会报错

输出结果

true
true
true
false
*********************************
true
true
true
true
true
true

三、强制转换

public class Application {


    public static void main(String[] args, Teacher1 teacher1) {
        //类型转换：父 子 直接转换
        Person1 teacher12 = new Teacher1();
        //能创建类别但是无法使用子类中的eat方法
        // teacher12.eat(); 编辑报错

        //强制转换 就可以使用子类中的eat方法
        Teacher1 Tidai = (Teacher1) teacher12;
        Tidai.eat();
        //想用子类的方法还可以
        ((Teacher1)teacher12).eat();

    }
}