分布式服务框架——Dobbo

Dubbo

Dubbo 最早是 Alibaba 开源的分布式服务框架，它最大的特点是按照分层的方式来架构， 使用这种方式可以使各个层之间解耦合（或者最大限度地松耦合）。从服务模型的角度来看， Dubbo 采用的是一种非常简单的模型，要么是提供方提供服务，要么是消费方消费服务，所 以基于这一点可以抽象出服务提供方（Provider）和服务消费方（Consumer）两个角色。

服务架构角色

• Container：服务运行框架，dubbo完全基于spring实现
• Provider：提供远程调用服务
• Registry：服务注册和发布中心
• Consumer：执行远程调用服务
• Monitor：统计服务调用次数和调用时间的监控中心

服务开启流程

1. 启动spring容器Container时会把Provider启动
2. 然后将Provider相关信息注册到Registry里
3. Consumer从Registry中订阅Provider的信息
4. Registry将Provider的信息发送给Consumer
5. Consumer根据Registry通知的信息调用Provider中的方法
6. Consumer和Provider将调用次数信息异步发送给Monitor统计

Dubbo支持的协议

Dubbo协议

• 优点：采用 NIO 复用单一长连接，并使用线程池并发处理请求，减少握手和加大并发效率， 性能较好（推荐使用）
• 缺点：大文件上传时,可能出现问题(不使用 Dubbo 文件上传)

RMI(Remote Method Invocation)协议

• 优点：JDK自带的
• 缺点：偶尔连接失败

Hessian协议

优点：可与原生Hessian互操作，基于HTTP协议
缺点：需hessian.jar支持，http短连接的开销大

Dubbo支持的注册中心

ZooKeeper

• 优点：支持分布式，周边产品多
• 缺点：受限于ZooKeeper软件的稳定性

Multicast

• 优点：去中心化，不需单独安装软件
• 缺点：Provider、Consumer、Registry不能跨机房（路由）

Redis

• 优点：支持集群，性能高
• 缺点：要求服务器时间同步，否则可能出现集群失败问题

Simple

• 优点：标准RPC服务，没有兼容问题
• 缺点：不支持集群

Dubbo应用

应用结构

• parent：逻辑Maven工程，在pom文件中引入需要的依赖
• api：继承parent工程，定义功能接口，以供provider实现，consumer调用
• provider：继承parent工程，实现api中的接口功能
• consumer：继承parent工程，调用api中的功能接口

创建Parent工程

• pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>api</module>
        <module>provider</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <dubbo.version>2.7.6</dubbo.version>
        <curator.version>4.2.0</curator.version>
        <registry-zookeeper.version>2.7.6</registry-zookeeper.version>
        <servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
        <jsp.version>2.0</jsp.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeper</artifactId>
                <version>${registry-zookeeper.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
                <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
                <version>${curator.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>${servlet.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>${jsp.version}</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>${jstl.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

</project>

创建api项目

创建功能接口

public interface DemoDubboService {
    String showMsg(String msg);
}

创建provider项目

• 配置pom文件

<dependencies>
     <dependency>
         <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
         <artifactId>api</artifactId>
         <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
     </dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
         <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
     </dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
         <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeper</artifactId>
     </dependency>

     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
         <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
     </dependency>
 </dependencies>

注意：provider项目和consumer项目都要依赖api项目

• 实现接口

package com.lanh.dubbo.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@Service
public class DemoDubboServiceImpl implements DemoDubboService {
    public String showMsg(String msg) {
        return "Helle Dubbo "+msg;
    }
}

需要注意的是，这里使用到的注解@Service不是spring中的注解，而是dubbo的注解

• 编写启动类

package com.lanh.dubbo;

import org.apache.dubbo.container.Main;

/**
 * Dubbo的启动类
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
public class Start {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main.main(args);
    }
}

• 配置文件xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo
       http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!-- 定义服务名称 -->
    <dubbo:application name="myProvider" />

    <!--配置注册中心-->
    <dubbo:registry address="ip:2181,ip:2182,ip:2183" protocol="zookeeper" timeout="10000"/>

    <!--配置服务协议及监听端口(任意不被占用的端口）-->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="2002" />

<!--    &lt;!&ndash;注册接口&ndash;&gt;-->
<!--    <dubbo:service interface="com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService" ref="demoService"/>-->
<!--    <bean id="demoService" class="com.lanh.dubbo.service.impl.DemoDubboServiceImpl" />-->

    <!--注解开发：扫描接口的位置的指定@Service-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.lanh.dubbo.service.impl" />

</beans>

注意：

• 该配置文件必须放到resources/META-INF/spring/*.xml
• 配置文件中配置注册中心时的ip，需要替换成自己zookeeper的ip
• 在前面我有提及@Service注解，这个对应着是注解开发，另外一种xml开发的形式，我也以注释的形式写在了xml文件

创建consumer项目

web项目是在spring中不需要写启动类，是通过tomcat插件启动的

• 定义Service接口

package com.lanh.service;

public interface DemoService {
    String showInfo(String msg);
}

• 实现Service接口

package com.lanh.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import com.lanh.service.DemoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Consumer的业务层
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@Service
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Reference
    private DemoDubboService demoDubboService;

    public String showInfo(String msg) {
        return this.demoDubboService.showMsg(msg);
    }
}

注意：

• 这里使用到的@Service不同于provider，这个是spring框架的注解
• 同时，这里进行注入时，因为这个不是本地的服务，使用的也不再是@Autowire注解，而是dubbo远程调用的@Reference注解

• 页面跳转

package com.lanh.web.controller;

import com.lanh.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/
@RestController
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping("/getMsg")
    public String getMsg(String str){
        return this.demoService.showInfo(str);
    }
}

• 配置文件
  applicationContext-spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
    http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <!--配置服务名称-->
    <dubbo:application name="myConsumer" />
    <!--配置注册中心地址以及访问协议-->
    <dubbo:registry address="192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183" protocol="zookeeper" timeout="10000"/>
    <!--dubbo扫描自己@Reference注解-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="com.lanh.service.impl"/>
</beans>

applicationContext-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lanh.service" />

</beans>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lanh.web.controller" />
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--SpringMVC 中的编码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodeFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodeFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

SpringBoot整合

创建api，maven项目即可

设置功能接口

package com.lanh.dubbo.service;

public interface DemoDubboService {
    String showMsg(String str);
}

创建provider项目

• 配置pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
    <artifactId>springbootdubbo_provider</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springbootdubbo_provider</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
            <artifactId>springbootdubbo_api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

• 实现api的接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@Service
public class DemoDubboServiceImpl implements DemoDubboService {
    @Override
    public String showMsg(String str) {
        return "Hello Dubbo "+str;
    }
}

再说一次这个是@Service是dubbo的注解

• 创建启动类
  springboot自带了启动类，不需要再使用dubbo的启动类

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootdubboProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootdubboProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

• 配置application.yml

#指定服务的名称
dubbo:
  application:
    name: myProvider
  registry:
    address: 192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183
    protocol: zookeeper
    timeout: 10000
  #配置服务所使用的协议
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 2002
  scan:
    base-packages: com.lanh.springbootdubbo_provider.service.impl

创建consumer项目

• 配置pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
    <artifactId>springbootdubbo_consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springbootdubbo_consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lanh</groupId>
            <artifactId>springbootdubbo_api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-registry-zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

• 定义Service接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service;

public interface DemoService {
    String getMsg(String str);
}

• 实现Service接口

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.impl;

import com.lanh.dubbo.service.DemoDubboService;
import com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.DemoService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@Service
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {

    @Reference
    private DemoDubboService demoDubboService;

    @Override
    public String getMsg(String str) {
        return this.demoDubboService.showMsg(str);
    }
}

再说一次：这个@Service是spring中的注解，用@Reference而不用@Autowire

• 配置页面跳转逻辑

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.controller;

import com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author Lanh
 **/

@RestController
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping("/getMsg")
    public String getMsg(String str){
        return this.demoService.getMsg(str);
    }
}

• springboot的启动类

package com.lanh.springbootdubbo_consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootdubboConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootdubboConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

• 配置application.yml

#指定服务的名称
dubbo:
  application:
    name: myConsumer
  registry:
    address: 192.168.126.128:2181,192.168.126.128:2182,192.168.126.128:2183
    protocol: zookeeper
    timeout: 10000
  #配置服务所使用的协议
  protocol:
    name: dubbo

至此结束，欢迎各位小伙伴讨论