Linux安装Java常用软件

yum

// yum缓存的默认位置是/var/cache/yum目录下
// 也可以在/etc/yum.conf文件中指定
cachedir=/var/cache/yum #存放目录
keepcache=1 ＃1为保存 0为不保存
metadata_expire=1800 ＃过期时间 

// displays a list of all available repositories and their status
yum repolist all
// This is used to find packages when you know something about the package but aren't sure of it's name.
// search是关键字搜索
yum search xxx
// list various information about available packages
yum list xxx
// lists all the packages that are currently installed on your system.
yum list installed

// yum会自动处理依赖
yum install	xxx// install a package named "xxx" from the enabled repositories.
yum remove xxx// remove a package named "xxx" from the system.

// install a package from a local file, instead of downloading it from a repository.
// 安装本地rpm包,rpm包要先下载到本地,然后在本地目录执行yum localinstall *.rpm
yum localinstall
// yum会自动搜寻依赖关系并安装 rmp -i *
// rpm不会自行解决依赖关系,缺少依赖就会报错

yum换源

# yum源的配置文件一般都在 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下
# 备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
# 下载 repo文件
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# 清除之前的所有仓库缓存
# clears the cache of all metadata and packages from enabled repositories.
yum clean all
# 生成软件包信息缓存, 提高安装软件解析依赖时的速度
# create or update the local package metadata cache.
# It downloads and caches the metadata of available packages from the enabled repositories.
yum makecache

安装JDK

SecureCRT打开SFTP会话，使用put命令接上JDK的路径就好了

# 解压到/usr/local目录下
tar -zxvf jdk-8u333-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

解压之后，就是配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
#JDK
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_333
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH#追加到原先的PATH中

source /etc/profile#重新加载
java -version#检查

安装Tomcat

将下载好的压缩包使用SFTP传到虚拟机上。

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.78.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/bin
./startup.sh#启动Tomcat
./shutdown.sh#关闭Tomcat服务

默认情况下，Linux的防火墙是开启的，所以开启了Tomcat，我们这边在浏览器输入也是访问不到的

systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld#关闭防火墙之后,就可以访问到了
# 但是为了保障系统安全,一般不要关闭防火墙, 开放指定端口即可

# 开放指定端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# 关闭指定端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# 立即生效
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看开放的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports

安装MySQL

环境Centos7-2009DVD

# 先检测是否已安装过 mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql 			# 第一次应该是没有的
rpm -qa | grep mariadb			# 系统自带有mariadb
# mariadb和mysql冲突,所以安装mysql之前,先检查一下,有的话就卸载掉
# rpm -e --nodeps
#(我这里没有卸载mariadb)因为实践发现,通过yum安装mysql时,会自动替代掉mariadb

先下载这个文件，之后传到虚拟机上

yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

# 执行之后, 就生成了这些文件
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo	# 可以看到yum源中有了mysql软件包的信息
/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/from_repo
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/reason
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/releasever
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/var_uuid
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/var_contentdir
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/var_infra
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/command_line
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/checksum_type
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/checksum_data
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/from_repo_revision
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/from_repo_timestamp
/var/lib/yum/yumdb/m/3af247b1c5278fb68710ea163986728873d457ca-mysql57-community-release-el7-11-noarch/installed_by

yum search mysql	# 可以看到仓库中可以查询到mysql软件包了
yum install mysql-community-server.x86_64	# 进行安装

# 安装完之后, 报了这个错误
mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
失败的软件包是：mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
GPG  密钥配置为：file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# 解决办法
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
yum install mysql-community-server.x86_64					# 再次执行

安装完成之后，检测，果然，mariadb被替代掉了，已经没有了

# 启动Mysql服务
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

# 查看Mysql临时密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
xxxxxxxxxxxx [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Nuq<42QLnf1S

mysql -u root -p#使用临时密码,进入到Mysql中
set global validate_password_policy = LOW;#降低密码的检查强度,不然设置密码的时候很难设置,因为要满足他的很多要求
set password = password('root用户登陆时的密码');#此时可以自由设置想要的密码了
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '连接时需要的密码';#开启Mysql远程连接
#实际作用是在mysql数据库的user表中插入了一条数据
flush privileges;#刷新权限

yum下载文件
yum常用命令
mysql_repo源仓库
centos安装mysql8
identified怎么用
mysql的赋权操作
mysql密码策略
CentOS7安装mysql
CentOS7安装MySQL8

补充设置mysql免密登录

# 如何跳过密码验证
vi /etc/my.cnf
skip-grant-tables
systemctl restart mysqld

# 设置root登录密码为空
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';
mysql> quit