前言
使用RP2040自制的树莓派pico—— [3/100] 使用 dht11 温湿度传感器
软件:Thonny
dht.py 驱动库
需要在pico中新建dht.py文件,如果你import dht没有报错,那么就可以使用它
import array
import micropython
import utime
from machine import Pin
from micropython import const
class InvalidChecksum(Exception):
pass
class InvalidPulseCount(Exception):
pass
MAX_UNCHANGED = const(100)
MIN_INTERVAL_US = const(200000)
HIGH_LEVEL = const(50)
EXPECTED_PULSES = const(84)
class DHT11:
_temperature: float
_humidity: float
def __init__(self, pin):
self._pin = pin
self._last_measure = utime.ticks_us()
self._temperature = -1
self._humidity = -1
def measure(self):
current_ticks = utime.ticks_us()
if utime.ticks_diff(current_ticks, self._last_measure) < MIN_INTERVAL_US and (
self._temperature > -1 or self._humidity > -1
):
# Less than a second since last read, which is too soon according
# to the datasheet
return
self._send_init_signal()
pulses = self._capture_pulses()
buffer = self._convert_pulses_to_buffer(pulses)
self._verify_checksum(buffer)
self._humidity = buffer[0] + buffer[1] / 10
self._temperature = buffer[2] + buffer[3] / 10
self._last_measure = utime.ticks_us()
@property
def humidity(self):
self.measure()
return self._humidity
@property
def temperature(self):
self.measure()
return self._temperature
def _send_init_signal(self):
self._pin.init(Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
self._pin.value(1)
utime.sleep_ms(50)
self._pin.value(0)
utime.sleep_ms(18)
@micropython.native
def _capture_pulses(self):
pin = self._pin
pin.init(Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)
val = 1
idx = 0
transitions = bytearray(EXPECTED_PULSES)
unchanged = 0
timestamp = utime.ticks_us()
while unchanged < MAX_UNCHANGED:
if val != pin.value():
if idx >= EXPECTED_PULSES:
raise InvalidPulseCount(
"Got more than {} pulses".format(EXPECTED_PULSES)
)
now = utime.ticks_us()
transitions[idx] = now - timestamp
timestamp = now
idx += 1
val = 1 - val
unchanged = 0
else:
unchanged += 1
pin.init(Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
if idx != EXPECTED_PULSES:
raise InvalidPulseCount(
"Expected {} but got {} pulses".format(EXPECTED_PULSES, idx)
)
return transitions[4:]
def _convert_pulses_to_buffer(self, pulses):
"""Convert a list of 80 pulses into a 5 byte buffer
The resulting 5 bytes in the buffer will be:
0: Integral relative humidity data
1: Decimal relative humidity data
2: Integral temperature data
3: Decimal temperature data
4: Checksum
"""
# Convert the pulses to 40 bits
binary = 0
for idx in range(0, len(pulses), 2):
binary = binary << 1 | int(pulses[idx] > HIGH_LEVEL)
# Split into 5 bytes
buffer = array.array("B")
for shift in range(4, -1, -1):
buffer.append(binary >> shift * 8 & 0xFF)
return buffer
def _verify_checksum(self, buffer):
# Calculate checksum
checksum = 0
for buf in buffer[0:4]:
checksum += buf
if checksum & 0xFF != buffer[4]:
raise InvalidChecksum()
main.py
主函数中执行以下代码能看到运行结果
from machine import Pin, I2C
import utime as time
from dht import DHT11, InvalidChecksum
while True:
time.sleep(3)
pin = Pin(15, Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN)
sensor = DHT11(pin)
t = (sensor.temperature)
h = (sensor.humidity)
print("Temperature: {}".format(sensor.temperature))
print("Humidity: {}".format(sensor.humidity))
以下是使用dht11测得的温度数据,图中为TM1637数码管