1、MyBatis 概念
-
框架就是对通用代码的封装,以jar包的形式存在
-
MyBatis属于持久层的框架
-
MyBatis就是对JDBC的封装,完成 CRUD
-
ORM:对象关系映射
- O(Object):java虚拟机中的java对象
- R(Relational):关系型数据库
- M(Mapping):映射,将java虚拟机中的java对象映射为数据库表中的一行记录,或是将数据库表中的一行记录映射为java虚拟机中的一个java对象。类<—>数据表、对象<—>行记录、对象属性<—>表字段
-
MyBatis就是在做ORM的事情的框架
2、MyBatis入门程序开发步骤:
- pom.xml文件 设置打包方式jar
<!--打包方式jar-->
<packaging>jar</packaging>
- 添加依赖 mybatis mysql驱动
<dependencies>
<!--mybatis驱动依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9</version>
</dependency>
- 创建mybatis-config.xml文件 配置数据库的驱动、url、用户名、密码、配置XxxMappeer.xml文件路径
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bjpowernode"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="lhl19961226"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="CarMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
- 创建XxxMapper.xml配置文件 编写sql语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="abc">
<insert id="insertCar">
insert into t_car(id, car_num, brand, guid_price, produce_time, car_type)
values(null, '1003','丰田霸道', 30.0, '2020-10-11', '燃油车')
</insert>
</mapper>
-
创建mybatis java程序:
- 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
- 利用SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象获取SqlSessionFactory对象
- 利用SqlSessionFactory对象获取SqlSession对象
- 执行sql语句
- 提交sql
public class MybatisIntroductionTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //获取SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象 SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder(); //获取SqlSessionFactory对象 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"); //InputStream is = new FileInputStream("d/CarMapper.xml"); //InputStream is = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("CarMapper.xml"); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is); //获取SqlSession对象 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); //执行sql语句 int count = sqlSession.insert("insertCar"); System.out.println("插入记录条数:" + count); //提交sql语句 sqlSession.commit(); } }
-
第一个程序的细节:
-
MyBatis中的sql语句最后的分号可以写上或省略
-
遇到resource这个单词,大部分都是从类的根路径下加载(开始查找)
-
InputStream is = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(“CarMapper.xml”);
- ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() 获取系统的类加载器
- 系统的类加载器的一个方法:getResourceAsStream() 从类路径中加载资源
-
Resources.getResourceAsStream()是mybatis驱动的类中的方法
-
InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream(“mybatis-config.xml”);
的底层源码就是:
InputStream is = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(“CarMapper.xml”);
-
-
MyBatis事务管理:
-
在mybatis-config.xml文件中配置事务管理
-
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
-
type=JDBC/MANAGED 大小写无所谓
- jdbc表示mybatis自己采用原生的JDBC代码去管理事务
- MANAGED表示mybatis不管理事务了,其他人管理
-
如果type=“JDBC”
- SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();//底层使用的是JDBC conn.setAutoCommit(false) 即创建对象的同时开启了JDBC事务
- openSession()方法中可以穿入(true)表示关闭事务即自动提交(一般不使用)
- SqlSession.commit() 提交事务 底层使用的也是JDBC代码 conn.commit()
-
如果type="MANAGED"则mybatis不管理事务
- 再执行这行代码:SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); 底层的JDBC开启事务就不管用了,即不开启事务,sql语句自动提交
-
-
引入junit 加载依赖
<!--junit依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- 引入logback日志框架 加载依赖 然后在resources下编写logback.xml配置文件
<!--引入logback日志依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
logback.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false">
<!-- 控制台输出 -->
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
<!--格式化输出:%d表示⽇期,%thread表示线程名,%-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度%msg:⽇志消息,%n是换⾏符-->
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logge r{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!--mybatis log configure-->
<logger name="com.apache.ibatis" level="TRACE"/>
<logger name="java.sql.Connection" level="DEBUG"/>
<logger name="java.sql.Statement" level="DEBUG"/>
<logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" level="DEBUG"/>
<!-- ⽇志输出级别,logback⽇志级别包括五个:TRACE < DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR -->
<root level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
<appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
</root>
</configuration>
- MyBatis工具类的封装
public class SqlSessionUtil {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
private SqlSessionUtil(){
}
static {
try {
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public SqlSession openSqlSession() {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
3、MyBatis CRUD
insert插入语句
- sql语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="abc">
<insert id="insertCar">
<!--insert into t_car(id, car_num, brand, guid_price, produce_time, car_type)
values(null, '1003','丰田霸道', 30.0, '2020-10-11', '燃油车')-->
<!--insert into t_car(id, car_num, brand, guide_price, produce_time, car_type)
values(null, #{k1},#{k2},#{k3},#{k4},#{k5})-->
insert into t_car(id, car_num, brand, guide_price, produce_time, car_type)
values(null, #{carNum},#{brand},#{guidePrice},#{produceTime},#{carType})
</insert>
</mapper>
- java程序
@Test
public void testInsertCarByPOJO(){
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
Car car = new Car(null, "1005", "比亚迪秦", 11.0, "2023-9-11", "新能源");
//执行SQL
int count = sqlSession.insert("insertCar", car);
System.out.println("插入记录条数:" + count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void testInsertCar(){
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("k1","1004");
map.put("k2","比亚迪宋");
map.put("k3",16.0);
map.put("k4","2022-1-1");
map.put("k5","新能源");
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
//执行SQL语句
int count = sqlSession.insert("insertCar", map);
System.out.println("插入记录条数:" + count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
- MyBatis中的 #{} 相当于JDBC的 ?都是占位符。XML配置文件中#{key}的底层是调用从sqlSession.insert(“insertCar”, map)语句中传入的对象getKey方法获取值。
- 如果采用map集合传参,#{}里写的是map中的key,如果key存在就获取相应的值,如果不存在就是null,插入null
- 如果采用pojo传参,#{}里严格意义上写的是getXxx()方法的Xxx的小写即xxx,例如getAge(),则#{age} 、getBcd(),则#{bcd},如果不存在#{}里传入的get方法则会报错
delete删除语句
- sql语句
- !!!注意:当占位符只有一个时,#{}里面的内容可以随便写但不能不写,最好还是见名知意
<delete id="deleteById">
delete from t_car where id = #{abc}
</delete>
- java程序
@Test
public void testDeleteById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
//执行SQL
int count = sqlSession.delete("deleteById", 17);
System.out.println("删除id=17的记录" + count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
update语句
- sql语句
<update id="updateById">
update t_car
set car_num=#{carNum},
brand=#{brand},
guide_price=#{guidePrice},
produce_time=#{produceTime},
car_type=#{carType}
where id = #{id}
</update>
- java程序
@Test
public void testUpdateById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
Car car = new Car(4L, "1006", "丰田凯美瑞", 20.1, "2022-10-10", "燃油车");
//执行sql
int count = sqlSession.update("updateById", car);
System.out.println("更新成功" + count);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
select语句
- sql语句中必须指定查询结果要封装到哪一个类中 resultType=“com.lhl.mybatis.bean.Car”
- 查询语句必须保证查询的结果表的字段和bean类的字段一致,可以采用as起别名,否则无法封装到bean对象中
- 查询单条记录和查询所有记录sql语句
<select id="selectAll" resultType="com.lhl.mybatis.bean.Car">
select id,car_num as carNum,brand,guide_price as guidePrice,produce_time as produceTime,car_type as carType from t_car
</select>
<select id="selectById" resultType="com.lhl.mybatis.bean.Car">
select id,car_num as carNum,brand,guide_price as guidePrice,produce_time as produceTime,car_type as carType
from t_car
where id = #{id}
</select>
- java程序
@Test
public void testSelectAll(){
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
//执行sql
List<Car> cars = sqlSession.selectList("selectAll");
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car));
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void testSelectById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
//执行sql
Car car = sqlSession.selectOne("selectById", 2);
System.out.println(car);
sqlSession.close();
}
SQL Mapper中的namespace属性
- namespace翻译为命名空间,目的是为了防止sqlId的冲突
sqlSession.selectList("car.selectAll");
- 例如:UserMapper.xml和CarMapper.xml文件的select语句的id相同,但是namespace不同
- CarMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="car">
<select id="selectAll" resultType="com.lhl.mybatis.bean.Car">
select id,car_num as carNum,brand,guide_price as guidePrice,produce_time as produceTime,car_type as carType from t_car
</select>
</mapper>
- UserMapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="user">
<select id="selectAll" resultType="com.lhl.mybatis.bean.Car">
select id,car_num as carNum,brand,guide_price as guidePrice,produce_time as produceTime,car_type as carType from t_car
</select>
</mapper>
- java程序
@Test
public void testNamespace() {
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtil.openSqlSession();
//执行sql
//List<Car> cars = sqlSession.selectList("selectAll");//这样执行会报错
List<Car> cars = sqlSession.selectList("car.selectAll");
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car));
sqlSession.close();
}
4、MyBatis 核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="bjpowernode">
<environment id="bjpowernode">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bjpowernode"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="lhl19961226"/>
<!--最⼤连接数-->
<property name="poolMaximumActiveConnections" value="3"/>
<!--最多空闲数量-->
<property name="poolMaximumIdleConnections" value="1"/>
<!--强⾏回归池的时间-->
<property name="poolMaximumCheckoutTime" value="20000"/>
<!--这是⼀个底层设置,如果获取连接花费了相当⻓的时间,连接池会打印状态⽇志并重新尝试获取⼀个连接(避免在误配置的情况下⼀直失败且不打印⽇志),默认值:20000毫秒(即 20 秒)。-->
<property name="poolTimeToWait" value="20000"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
<environment id="hsp_db02">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hsp_db02"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="lhl19961226"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="CarMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
-
configuration:根标签,表示配置信息
-
environments
-
<environments default="bjpowernode">
environments表示多个环境即多个数据库,default后面是默认使用的环境(数据库).尽管可以配置多个环境,但每个 SqlSessionFactory 实例只能选择一种环境。 -
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory1
-