【蓝桥杯单片机】蓝桥杯单片机第十一届国赛程序设计试题及其详细题解

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已于 2023-01-13 10:54:23 修改

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分类专栏： # 51单片机单片机文章标签：单片机

于 2022-04-09 19:13:57 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53960242/article/details/123997096

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既然大家想要了解十一届蓝桥杯单片机国赛，那小编话不多说，大家先来看看十一届单片机的程序设计试题吧。

相信大家看完试题后有了大概的思路了，十一届国赛试题有基本的三大块数码管、按键、LED，外加DS1302、i2c、与DS18B20。现在小编在这里奉上个人的代码。

主函数main.c

#include "config.h"

extern unsigned char mod4 ,mod5,segbuff[],hour,minute,second,flag_v;//S4 界面控制   显示界面
extern unsigned int temp,flag_L31;//温度存取 电压存取
unsigned char light = 0;//光照读取
unsigned char count_temp = 0,count_v = 0;//计时读取温度 计时读取电压
unsigned int cc = 0,old_liht = 0,count_L3 = 0;//计时读取温度  保存上次的光敏  暗状态计时
extern unsigned int k_temp1,k_hour1,k_led1,k_temp,k_hour,k_led,date_v;
float temp232 = 0;

void main(){
	unsigned char key_num = 20;
	sysinit();
	init_ds1302(0x16,0x59,0x50);
	Timer1Init();
	while(1){
		key_num = scankbd();
		switch(key_num){
			case 0://切换数据界面与参数界面
				if(++mod4 == 2) mod4 = 0;
				break;
			case 1://切换显示
				if(++mod5 == 3) mod5 = 0;
				break;
			case 4://参数加
				if(mod4 == 1) S8();
				break;
			case 5://参数减
				if(mod4 == 1) S9();
				break;
			default:
				break;
		}
		if(cc >= 200){//读取温度
			temp = rd_temperature();
			cc = 0;
		}
		if(count_v == 50){//获取光照
			light = adc(1);
			temp232 = (float)(light/51.0);
			date_v = temp232*100;
			if(light>130){
				flag_v = 1;//亮状态
			}else{
				flag_v = 0;//暗状态
			}
			count_v = 0;
		}
		if(mod4 == 0){k_hour = k_hour1;k_temp = k_temp1;k_led = k_led1;}
		read_ds1302();//获取时间
		S4();//判断界面
	}
}

void tiem1() interrupt 3{
	cc++;
	segs();
	count_v++;
	if(flag_v == 0){
		count_L3++;
	}else{
		count_L3 = 0;
	}
	ledpaly();
}

系统各个模块的函数配置函数

config.c

该文件主要写一些用于配置系统工作的函数，如按系统初始化函数、键扫描函数、数码管显示函数、各个显示函数等。

#include "config.h"

sbit L1 = P0^0;
sbit L2 = P0^1;
sbit L3 = P0^2;
sbit L4 = P0^3;
sbit L5 = P0^4;
sbit L6 = P0^5;
sbit L7 = P0^6;
sbit L8 = P0^7;
sbit relay = P0^4;
sbit buzzer = P0^6;

#define kbd_io P3
#define kbd_maskrow 0x0f
#define state_0 0
#define state_1 1
#define state_2 2

unsigned char segbuff[] = {10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10};
unsigned char segtab[] = {0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,0xbf,0xff,
0xc0&0x7f,0xf9&0x7f,0xa4&0x7f,0xb0&0x7f,0x99&0x7f,0x92&0x7f,0x82&0x7f,0xf8&0x7f,0x90&0x7f,0x90&0x7f,0xbf,0xff,
0xc6,0x86,0x8c};// C E  P 
unsigned char mod5 = 0;//S5 显示控制
unsigned int temp = 0,k_temp = 25,k_hour = 0x17,k_led = 4,date_v = 0;//存放温度 存放分压值 温度参数 小时参数 LED参数
unsigned char flag_v = 0,flag_L31 = 0,hour1 = 0;//显示亮暗(1暗 0亮)
unsigned char mod4 = 0,hour_temp = 0;//S4 界面控制
unsigned int k_temp1 = 25,k_hour1 = 17,k_led1 = 4;

extern unsigned char hour,minute,second;//时 分 秒 
extern unsigned int count_L3;

void sysinit(){
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;P0 = 0xff; P2 &= 0x1f;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xa0;relay = 0;buzzer = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xe0;P0 = 0xff;P2 &= 0x1f;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xc0;P0 =  0x00;P2 &= 0x1f;
}

void segs(){
	static unsigned char segaddr = 0;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xe0;P0 = 0xff;P2 &= 0x1f;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xc0;P0 = 1<<segaddr;P2 &= 0x1f;
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0xe0;P0 = segtab[segbuff[segaddr]];P2 &= 0x1f;
	if(++segaddr == 8) segaddr = 0;
}

unsigned char scankbd(){
	unsigned char key_num = 20;
	static unsigned char kbd_state = 0;
	unsigned char kbd_press;
	switch(kbd_state){
		case state_0:
			kbd_io = 0x0f;P42 = 0;P44 = 0;kbd_press = kbd_io;
			if(kbd_press != kbd_maskrow){
				kbd_state = state_1;
			}
			break;
		case state_1:
			kbd_press = kbd_io;
			if(kbd_press != kbd_maskrow){
				if((kbd_io&0x08)==0) key_num = 0;
				if((kbd_io&0x04)==0) key_num = 1;
				if((kbd_io&0x02)==0) key_num = 2;
				if((kbd_io&0x01)==0) key_num = 3;
				kbd_io = 0xf0;P44 = 1;P42 = 1;
				if(P44 == 0) key_num += 0;
				if(P42 == 0) key_num += 4;
				if((kbd_io&0x20)==0) key_num += 8;
				if((kbd_io&0x10)==0) key_num += 12;
				kbd_state = state_2;
			}else{
				kbd_state = state_0;
			}
			break;
			case state_2:
				kbd_io = 0x0f;P42 = 0;P44 = 0;kbd_press = kbd_io;
				if(kbd_press == kbd_maskrow){
					kbd_state = state_0;
				}
				break;
			default :
				break;
	}
	return key_num;
}

void S4(){//界面控制 数据界面 参数界面
	switch(mod4){
		case 0://数据界面
			S51();
			break;
		case 1://参数界面
			S52();
			break;
	}
}

void S51(){//显示界面切换 时间 温度 亮度状态
	switch(mod5){//显示时间
		case 0:
			segbuff[0] = hour/16;
			segbuff[1] = hour%16;
			segbuff[2] = 10;
			segbuff[3] = minute/16;
			segbuff[4] = minute%16;
			segbuff[5] = 10;
			segbuff[6] = second/16;
			segbuff[7] = second%16;
			break;
		case 1://显示温度
			segbuff[0] = 24;
			segbuff[1] = 10;
			segbuff[2] = 10;
			segbuff[3] = 10;
			segbuff[4] = 10;	
			segbuff[5] = temp/1000;
			segbuff[6] = temp%1000/100+12;
			segbuff[7] = temp%1000%100/10;	
			break;
		case 2://显示分压 亮度
			segbuff[0] = 25;
			segbuff[1] = 10;
			segbuff[2] = date_v/100+12;
			segbuff[3] = date_v/10%10;
			segbuff[4] = date_v%10;
			segbuff[5] = 10;
			segbuff[6] = 10;
			segbuff[7] = flag_v;
			break;
	}
}

void S52(){//显示参数
	switch(mod5){//显示时间参数
		case 0:
			segbuff[0] = 26;
			segbuff[1] = 1;
			segbuff[2] = 10;
			segbuff[3] = hour_temp/10;
			segbuff[4] = hour_temp%10;
			segbuff[5] = 10;
			segbuff[6] = k_hour/10;
			segbuff[7] = k_hour%10;
			break;
		case 1://显示温度参数
			segbuff[0] = 26;
			segbuff[1] = 2;
			segbuff[2] = 10;
			segbuff[3] = 10;
			segbuff[4] = 10;
			segbuff[5] = 10;
			segbuff[6] = k_temp/10;
			segbuff[7] = k_temp%10;
			break;
		case 2://显示指示灯参数
			segbuff[0] = 26;
			segbuff[1] = 3;
			segbuff[2] = 10;
			segbuff[3] = 10;
			segbuff[4] = 10;
			segbuff[5] = 10;
			segbuff[6] = 10;
			segbuff[7] = k_led%10;
			break;
	}
}

//mod5 0表示小时参数  1表示温度参数 2表示led参数
void S8(){//当前参数减1
	switch(mod5){
		case 0:
			if(--k_hour1 >= 24) k_hour1 = 23;
			break;
		case 1:
			if(--k_temp1 >=100) k_temp1 = 99;
			break;
		case 2:
			if(--k_led1 <= 3) k_led1 = 8;
			break;
	}
}

void S9(){//当前参数加1
		switch(mod5){
		case 0:
			if(++k_hour1 >= 24) k_hour1 = 0;
			break;
		case 1:
			if(++k_temp1 >=100) k_temp1 = 0;
			break;
		case 2:
			if(++k_led1 >=9) k_led1 = 4;
			break;
	}
}

void ledpaly(){
	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;P0 = 0xff;P2 &= 0x1f;
	hour_temp = hour/16*10+hour%16;
	if(hour_temp>=k_hour || hour_temp<=8){//条件不够
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L1 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;//L1亮
	}else{
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L1 = 1;P2 &= 0x1f;//L1灭
	}
	if(temp <= k_temp*100){
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L2 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;//L2亮
	}else{
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L2 = 1;P2 &= 0x1f;//L2灭
	}
	if(count_L3 >= 3000){
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L3 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;//L3亮
	}else{
		P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L3 = 1;P2 &= 0x1f;//L3灭
	}
	if(flag_v == 0){
		switch(k_led){//选择亮L4-L8
			case 4:	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L4 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
				break;
			case 5:	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L5 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
				break;
			case 6:	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L6 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
				break;
			case 7:	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L7 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
				break;
			case 8:	P2 = P2&0x1f|0x80;L8 = 0;P2 &= 0x1f;
				break;
			default: break;
		}
	}
}	

void Timer1Init(void)		//1毫秒@12.000MHz
{
	AUXR &= 0xBF;		//定时器时钟12T模式
	TMOD &= 0x0F;		//设置定时器模式
	TL1 = 0x18;		//设置定时初始值
	TH1 = 0xFC;		//设置定时初始值
	TF1 = 0;		//清除TF1标志
	TR1 = 1;		//定时器1开始计时
	EA = 1;
	ET1 = 1;
}

iic.c模块

iic.c

IIC代码也可以自行在官方资源包中提取，但是需要注意细节，某些地方可能会出现一两个bug，

/*
  程序说明: IIC总线驱动程序
  软件环境: Keil uVision 4.10 
  硬件环境: CT107单片机综合实训平台 8051，12MHz
  日    期: 2011-8-9
*/

#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
#include "intrins.h"

#define DELAY_TIME 5

#define SlaveAddrW 0xA0
#define SlaveAddrR 0xA1

//总线引脚定义
sbit SDA = P2^1;  /* 数据线 */
sbit SCL = P2^0;  /* 时钟线 */

void IIC_Delay(unsigned char i)
{
    do{_nop_();}
    while(i--);        
}
//总线启动条件
void IIC_Start(void)
{
    SDA = 1;
    SCL = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    SDA = 0;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    SCL = 0;	
}

//总线停止条件
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
    SDA = 0;
    SCL = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    SDA = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}

//发送应答
void IIC_SendAck(bit ackbit)
{
    SCL = 0;
    SDA = ackbit;  					// 0：应答，1：非应答
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    SCL = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    SCL = 0; 
    SDA = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
}

//等待应答
bit IIC_WaitAck(void)
{
    bit ackbit;
	
    SCL  = 1;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    ackbit = SDA;
    SCL = 0;
    IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    return ackbit;
}

//通过I2C总线发送数据
void IIC_SendByte(unsigned char byt)
{
    unsigned char i;

    for(i=0; i<8; i++)
    {
        SCL  = 0;
        IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
        if(byt & 0x80) SDA  = 1;
        else SDA  = 0;
        IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
        SCL = 1;
        byt <<= 1;
        IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    }
    SCL  = 0;  
}

//从I2C总线上接收数据
unsigned char IIC_RecByte(void)
{
    unsigned char i, da;
    for(i=0; i<8; i++)
    {   
    	SCL = 1;
	IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
	da <<= 1;
	if(SDA) da |= 1;
	SCL = 0;
	IIC_Delay(DELAY_TIME);
    }
    return da;    
}

unsigned char adc(unsigned char add){
	unsigned char dat = 0;
	IIC_Start();
	IIC_SendByte(0x90);
	IIC_WaitAck();
	IIC_SendByte(add);
	IIC_WaitAck();
	IIC_Stop();
	
	IIC_Start();
	IIC_SendByte(0x91);
	IIC_WaitAck();
	dat = IIC_RecByte();
	IIC_SendAck(1);
	IIC_Stop();
	
	return dat;
}

iic.h

#ifndef _IIC_H
#define _IIC_H

void IIC_Start(void); 
void IIC_Stop(void);  
bit IIC_WaitAck(void);  
void IIC_SendAck(bit ackbit); 
void IIC_SendByte(unsigned char byt); 
unsigned char IIC_RecByte(void); 
unsigned char adc(unsigned char add);

#endif

ds1302模块

ds1302.c

ds1302的基本函数官方也提供了，目前来看没有留下过“坑”，大家可以放心使用。

/*
  程序说明: DS1302驱动程序
  软件环境: Keil uVision 4.10 
  硬件环境: CT107单片机综合实训平台 8051，12MHz
  日    期: 2011-8-9
*/

#include <STC15F2K60S2.h>
#include "intrins.h"
#include "ds1302.h"

sbit SCK=P1^7;		
sbit SDA=P2^3;		
sbit RST = P1^3;   // DS1302复位												

void Write_Ds1302(unsigned  char temp) 
{
	unsigned char i;
	for (i=0;i<8;i++)     	
	{ 
		SCK=0;
		SDA=temp&0x01;
		temp>>=1; 
		SCK=1;
	}
}   

void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat )     
{
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
 	RST=1; 	_nop_();  
 	Write_Ds1302(address);	
 	Write_Ds1302(dat);		
 	RST=0; 
}

unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte ( unsigned char address )
{
 	unsigned char i,temp=0x00;
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
 	RST=1;	_nop_();
 	Write_Ds1302(address);
 	for (i=0;i<8;i++) 	
 	{		
		SCK=0;
		temp>>=1;	
 		if(SDA)
 		temp|=0x80;	
 		SCK=1;
	} 
 	RST=0;	_nop_();
 	SCK=0;	_nop_();
	SCK=1;	_nop_();
	SDA=0;	_nop_();
	SDA=1;	_nop_();
	return (temp);			
}

unsigned char hour = 0,minute = 0,second = 0;

void init_ds1302(unsigned char h,unsigned char m,unsigned char s){
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0);
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x84,h);
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x82,m);
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x80,s);
	Write_Ds1302_Byte(0x8e,0x80);
}

void read_ds1302(){
	hour = Read_Ds1302_Byte(0x85);
	minute = Read_Ds1302_Byte(0x83);
	second = Read_Ds1302_Byte(0x81);
}

ds1302.h

#ifndef __DS1302_H
#define __DS1302_H

void Write_Ds1302(unsigned char temp);
void Write_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address,unsigned char dat );
unsigned char Read_Ds1302_Byte( unsigned char address );
void init_ds1302(unsigned char h,unsigned char m,unsigned char s);
void read_ds1302();

#endif

onewire模块

onewire.c

onewire系列的基本函数官方也有提供，大家可自行提取，目前来看，代码也是可以直接使用的，不用担心出现bug。

/*
  程序说明: 单总线驱动程序
  软件环境: Keil uVision 4.10 
  硬件环境: CT107单片机综合实训平台(外部晶振12MHz) STC89C52RC单片机
  日    期: 2011-8-9
*/
#include "STC15F2K60S2.h"
#include "onewire.h"

sbit DQ = P1^4;  //单总线接口

//单总线延时函数
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t)  //STC89C52RC
{
	unsigned char i;
	while(t--){
		for(i =0;i<12;i++)
			;
	}
}

//通过单总线向DS18B20写一个字节
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat)
{
	unsigned char i;
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
		DQ = 0;
		DQ = dat&0x01;
		Delay_OneWire(5);
		DQ = 1;
		dat >>= 1;
	}
	Delay_OneWire(5);
}

//从DS18B20读取一个字节
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void)
{
	unsigned char i;
	unsigned char dat;
  
	for(i=0;i<8;i++)
	{
		DQ = 0;
		dat >>= 1;
		DQ = 1;
		if(DQ)
		{
			dat |= 0x80;
		}	    
		Delay_OneWire(5);
	}
	return dat;
}

//DS18B20设备初始化
bit init_ds18b20(void)
{
  	bit initflag = 0;
  	
  	DQ = 1;
  	Delay_OneWire(12);
  	DQ = 0;
  	Delay_OneWire(80);
  	DQ = 1;
  	Delay_OneWire(10); 
    initflag = DQ;     
  	Delay_OneWire(5);
  
  	return initflag;
}

unsigned int rd_temperature(void){
	unsigned char low,high;
	unsigned int result;
	
	init_ds18b20();
	Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
	Write_DS18B20(0x44);
	Delay_OneWire(200);
	
	init_ds18b20();
	Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
	Write_DS18B20(0xbe);
	low = Read_DS18B20();
	high = Read_DS18B20();
	result = high&0x0f;
	result <<= 8;
	result |= low;
	result = result*6.25;//0.0625*100;
	
	return result;
}

onewire.h

#ifndef __ONEWIRE_H
#define __ONEWIRE_H

unsigned int rd_temperature(void); 
void Delay_OneWire(unsigned int t);
void Write_DS18B20(unsigned char dat);
unsigned char Read_DS18B20(void);
bit init_ds18b20(void);

#endif