【JAVA基础】HttpURLConnection详解

一. HTTPURLConnection详解

​ HttpURLConnection类是位于java.net包下继承了URLConnection类的一个抽象类，每个 HttpURLConnection 实例都用于发出单个请求，包括了常见的几乎所有的请求类型。

​ 在HttpURLConnection类的定义当中提供了一个必填的参数，是一个URL类型的参数，第二部分将会对这一个类型进行详细讲解。HttpURLConnection对象不能直接构造，需使用URL类中的openConnection()方法来创建实例。

​ HttpURLConnection类拥有多个不同的子类，用于处理不同的应用场景，IDEA中显示的子类如下所示：

​ 其中，HttpsURLConnection类常用于建立Https连接。

二. URL详解

​ HttpURLConnection的使用需要依赖于URL类。

​ URL类同样位于java.net包下，是一个Object类派生出来的final类，不允许派生出其他子类，提供了多种构造方法。

public URL(String url) throws MalformedURLeException
public URL(String protocol ,String hostname, String file)throws MalformedURLeException
public URL(String protocol, String host, int port ,String file)throws MalformedURLeException
public URL(URL base, String relative)throws MalformedURLeException

​ 通过结合HttpConnection的使用可以简单的建立起网络连接，罗列了这个过程当中经常使用的方法：

public URLConnection openConnection() throws java.io.IOException
public final InputStream openStream() throws java.io.IOException

三.连接步骤

1. 创建一个URL对象：

   URL url=new URL(“接口地址”)
   

2. 调用URL对象的openConnection()来获取HttpURLConnection对象实例；

	HttpURLConnection connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

3. 设置HTTP请求使用的方法：GET、POST或其他请求；

	connection.setRequestMethod(“GET”);

4. 设置连接超时，读取超时的毫秒数，以及服务器希望得到的一些消息头；

	connection.setConnectTimeout(6*1000);
	connection.setReadTimeout(6 * 1000);

5. 调用getInputStream()或getOutputStream()方法获得服务器返回的输入流和输出流，进行操作。

BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));

6. 最后调用disconnect()方法将HTTP连接关掉，并将输入输出流关闭；

		connection.disconnect();
		in.close();

四.代码示例

public String testInterface(Map<String, Object> param) throws IOException {
        String result = null;
        Map<String, Object> interfaceMap = (Map<String, Object>) param.get("interface");
        String requestMethod = interfaceMap.get("requestMethod").toString();
        String url = interfaceMap.get("url").toString();
        List<Map> multipleSelectionHeader = (List<Map>) interfaceMap.get("multipleSelectionHeader");
        List<Map> multipleSelectionParam = (List<Map>) interfaceMap.get("multipleSelectionParam");
        if (requestMethod.equals("GET")) {
            StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder(url);
            for (int i = 0; i < multipleSelectionParam.size(); i++) {
                if (i == 0) {
                    urlBuilder.append("?" + multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("key").toString() + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("value").toString(),"UTF-8"));
                } else {
                    urlBuilder.append("&" + multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("key").toString() + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("value").toString(),"UTF-8"));
                }
            }
            URL urlStr = new URL(urlBuilder.toString());
            HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) urlStr.openConnection();
            con.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
            for (int j = 0; j < multipleSelectionHeader.size(); j++) {
                con.setRequestProperty(multipleSelectionHeader.get(j).get("key").toString(), multipleSelectionHeader.get(j).get("value").toString());
            }
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
            String inputLine;
            StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                content.append(inputLine);
            }
            in.close();
            result = content.toString();
        } else if (requestMethod.equals("POST")) {
            String requestBody = "";
            if (multipleSelectionParam.size() > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < multipleSelectionParam.size(); i++) {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        requestBody+=("{\"" + multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("key").toString() + "\":\"" + multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("value").toString()+"\"");
                    }else{
                        requestBody+=(",\""+multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("key").toString() + "\":\"" + multipleSelectionParam.get(i).get("value").toString()+"\"");
                    }
                }
                requestBody+="}";
            } else {
                requestBody = "{}";
            }
            URL obj = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
            con.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
            for (int j = 0; j < multipleSelectionHeader.size(); j++) {
                con.setRequestProperty(multipleSelectionHeader.get(j).get("key").toString(), multipleSelectionHeader.get(j).get("value").toString());
            }
            con.setDoOutput(true);
            OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(con.getOutputStream());
            out.write(requestBody);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
            String inputLine;
            StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                content.append(inputLine);
            }
            in.close();
            result = content.toString();
        }
        return result;
    }