Java 面向对象

public class SimpleCircleTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        SimpleCircle circle1 = new SimpleCircle();
        System.out.println("The perimeter of the circle of the radius " + circle1.radius + " is " + circle1.getPerimeter());

        SimpleCircle circle2 = new SimpleCircle(2);
        System.out.println("The area of the circle of the radius " + circle2.radius + " is " + circle2.getArea());

        circle2.setRadius(3);
        System.out.println("The area of the circle of the radius " + circle2.radius + " is " + circle2.getArea());
    }
}
class SimpleCircle {

    double radius;

    public SimpleCircle(){
        radius = 1;
    }

    public SimpleCircle(double newRadius){
        radius = newRadius;
    }

    public void setRadius(double newRadius){
        radius = newRadius;
    }

    public double getPerimeter(){
        return (2 * radius * Math.PI);
    }

    public double getArea(){
        return (radius * radius * Math.PI);
    }
}

// 运行结果
/*
The perimeter of the circle of the radius 1.0 is 6.283185307179586
The area of the circle of the radius 2.0 is 12.566370614359172
The area of the circle of the radius 3.0 is 28.274333882308138
*/

public class Student {
    String name;              // null
    int age;                  // 0
    boolean isScienceMajor;   // false
    char gender;              // '\u0000'
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Student student = new Student();
        System.out.println("name? " + student.name);
        System.out.println("age? " + student.age);
        System.out.println("isScienceMajor? " + student.isScienceMajor);
        System.out.println("gender? " + student.gender);
    }
}

//运行结果
/*
name? null
age? 0
isScienceMajor? false
gender?  
 */

 

静态变量和方法

1. 静态变量将变量值存储于类的公用内存。

2. 修改静态变量的值，同一类中的所有对象都会受到影响。

 

static 关键字（可以修饰成员变量和成员方法）

1. 特点

  （1）随着类的加载而加载

  （2）优先于对象存在

  （3）被类的所有对象共享（判断是否使用静态关键字的条件）

  （4）可以通过类名调用

2. 注意事项

  （1）在静态方法中是没有静态关键字的

  （2）静态方法只能访问静态的成员变量和静态的成员方法

 

静态变量使用示例（目标：跟踪静态变量 numOfObjects 的变化）

public class CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethodTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod circle1 = new CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod();
        System.out.println("Before creating circle2");
        System.out.println("circle1 is:");
        printCircle(circle1);

        CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod circle2 = new CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod(5);
        circle1.setRadius(9);
        System.out.println("After creating circle2 and modifying " + "circle1's radius to 9");
        System.out.println("circle1 is:");
        printCircle(circle1);
        System.out.println("circle2 is:");
        printCircle(circle2);
    }
    
    public static void printCircle(CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod c){
        System.out.println("radius (" + c.getRadius() + ") and number of Circle objects (" + c.getNumberOfObjects() + ")" );
    }
}
class CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod {
    private double radius;
    private static int numberOfObjects = 0;

    public CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod(){
        radius = 1.0;
        numberOfObjects++;
    }

    public CircleWithStaticVariableAndMethod(double newRadius){
        radius = newRadius;
        numberOfObjects++;
    }

    public void setRadius(double newRadius){
        radius = newRadius;
    }

    public double getRadius(){
        return radius;
    }

    public static int getNumberOfObjects(){
        return numberOfObjects;
    }

    public double findArea(){
        return (radius * radius * Math.PI);
    }
}

// 运行结果
/*
Before creating circle2
circle1 is:
radius (1.0) and number of Circle objects (1)
After creating circle2 and modifying circle1's radius to 9
circle1 is:
radius (9.0) and number of Circle objects (2)
circle2 is:
radius (5.0) and number of Circle objects (2)
 */