一、概念
解构赋值是对赋值运算符的扩展 。
它是一种针对数组或者对象进行模式匹配,然后对其中的变量进行赋值。
在代码书写上简介且易读,语义更加清晰明了;也方便了复杂对象中数据字段获取。
二、数组模型的解构Array
1、基本
let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b, "c:" + c);
//a:1 b:2 c:3
2、可嵌套
let [a, [
[b], c
]] = [1, [
[2], 3
]];
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b, "c:" + c);
//a:1 b:2 c:3
3、可忽略
let [a, , b] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b);
//a:1 b:3
4、不完全解构
let [a = 1, b] = [];
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b);
// a :1, b :undefined
5、剩余运算符
let [a, ...b] = [1, 2, 3];
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b);
//a:1 b:2,3
6、字符串等
let [a, b, c, d, e] = 'he l lo';
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b, "c:" + c, "d:" + d, "e:" + e);
//a:h b:e c: d:l e:
在数组的解构中,解构的目标若为可遍历对象,皆可进行解构赋值。可遍历对象即实现 Iterator 接口的数据。
7、解构默认值
let [a = 2] = [undefined];
console.log("a:" + a);
// a : 2
当解构模式有匹配结果,且匹配结果是 undefined 时,会触发默认值作为返回结果。
let [a = 3, b = a] = []; // a = 3, b = 3
let [a = 3, b = a] = [1]; // a = 1, b = 1
let [a = 3, b = a] = [1, 2]; // a = 1, b = 2
// a 与 b 匹配结果为 undefined ,触发默认值:a = 3; b = a =3
// a 正常解构赋值,匹配结果:a = 1,b 匹配结果 undefined ,触发默认值:b = a =1
// a 与 b 正常解构赋值,匹配结果:a = 1,b = 2
三、对象模型的解构Object
1、基本
let {foo,bar} = {foo: 'aaa',bar: 'bbb'};
console.log("foo:" + foo, "bar:" + bar);
// foo:aaa bar:bbb
let { baz: foo} = { baz: 'ddd'};
console.log("foo:" + foo);
// foo:ddd
2、可嵌套可忽略
let obj = {p: ['hello', {y: 'world'}]};
let {p: [x, {y}]} = obj;
console.log("x:" + x, "y:" + y);
//x:hello y:world
let obj = {p: ['hello', {y: 'world'}]};
let {p: [x, {}]} = obj;
console.log("x:" + x);
//x:hello
3、不完全解构
let obj = {p: [{y: 'world'}]};
let {p: [{y}, x]} = obj;
console.log("x:" + x, "y:" + y);
// x:undefined y:world
4、剩余运算符
let {a,b,...rest} = {a: 10,b:20,c:30,d:40};
console.log("a=" + a, "b=" + b, "c=" + rest);
// a=10 b=20 c=[object Object]
console.log("a=" + a, "b=" + b, "c=" + JSON.stringify(rest));
// a=10 b=20 c={"c":30,"d":40}
5、解构默认值
let {a = 10, b = 5} = {a: 3};
console.log("a=" + a, "b=" + b);
//a=3 b=5
let {a: aa = 10,b: bb = 5} = {a: 3};
console.log("aa:" + aa, "bb:" + bb);
//aa:3 bb:5
6、调换顺序
let {a = 10, b = 5} = {b: 2,a: 1};
console.log("a:" + a, "b:" + b);
// a:1 b:2
对象是没有顺序的。数组具有下标,所以有严格的顺序要求
7、赋值顺序
let {foo: bar,bar: foo} = {foo: '1',bar: '2'};
console.log("foo=" + foo, "bar=" + bar);
// foo=2 bar=1
等于号是赋值运算符,先将后面的赋值给前面的,在将值赋值给键