1、什么是HQL？
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写，专属于hibernate的查询语言
2、hql和sql区别/异同
例： sql：select name from t_mvc_book where name like ?；
hql：from Book where name like :bookName
设置值：query.setParam('bookName':圣墟)
注1：QuerySyntaxException:book is not mapped
3、处理返回的结果集
① 、单个对象： select没有逗号
② 、Object[]： b.bookId, b.bookName
③、 Map： new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
④、 new 构造方法(attr1,attr2)： new Book(b.bookId, b.price)
单个列段
4、 hql中使用占位符
① 、?占位符
从下标0开始计算位置hibernate5之后不再支持?占位符
②、:命名参数
5、 连接查询
6、 聚合函数
sum、 avg、max、min、count
7、 hql分页
int page = 2;// 页码：page
int row = 10;// 每页行数：rows
query.setFirstResult((page - 1) * row);// 设置起始记录下标
query.setMaxResults(row);// 设置返回的最大结果集
一、hql语法基础
1、hql的返回值：对象、object[]（数组）、集合、String/long（字符串）
HqlTest
package com.xhy.test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.xhy.entity.Book;
import com.xhy.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class HqlTest {
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;
@Before
public void before() {
session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void after() {
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* 1、返回对象（多个）
*/
@Test
public void testList1() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 2、返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
*/
@Test
public void testList2() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<String> list = query.list();
for (String b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 3、查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
*/
@Test
public void testList3() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
*4、 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
*/
@Test
public void testList4() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Map> list = query.list();
for (Map b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 5、查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
*/
@Test
public void testList5() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 6、HQL语句支持占位符
*/
@Test
public void testList6() {
// Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
// query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
// Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
// System.out.println(b);
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
// List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// params.add(1);
// params.add(2);
// params.add(4);
// query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 7、HQL支持连接查询
*/
@Test
public void testList7() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
* 8、HQL支持聚合函数
*/
@Test
public void testList8() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(singleResult);
}
/**
*9、 HQL分页
*/
@Test
public void testList9() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
query.setFirstResult(2);
query.setMaxResults(3);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}}
运行结果 ：
1、testList1
2、testList2
3、testList3
4、testList4
5、testList5
6、testList6
7、testList7
8、testList8
9、testList9
工具类：
1、PageBean
package com.xhy.util;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* 分页工具类
*
*/
public class PageBean {
private int page = 1;// 页码
private int rows = 3;// 页大小
private int total = 0;// 总记录数
private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
// 获取上一次访问后台的url
private String url;
/**
* 初始化pagebean
*
* @param req
*/
public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
}
public int getMaxPage() {
return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
}
public int nextPage() {
return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
}
public int previousPage() {
return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
}
public PageBean() {
super();
}
public int getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(int page) {
this.page = page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
}
public int getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(int rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
public void setRows(String rows) {
this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
}
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
public void setTotal(int total) {
this.total = total;
}
public void setTotal(String total) {
this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
}
public boolean isPagination() {
return pagination;
}
public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
this.pagination = pagination;
}
public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
return parameterMap;
}
public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
/**
* 获得起始记录的下标
*
* @return
*/
public int getStartIndex() {
return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
}}
2、StringUtils
package com.xhy.util;
public class StringUtils {
// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
private StringUtils() {
}
/**
* 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
boolean b = false;
if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
b = true;
}
return b;
}
/**
* 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
return !isBlank(s);
}}
二、两种分页的区别
1. BaseDAO
需求：
按名字分页查询对应书籍信息
2. 原生sql
hql实现不了的功能，可以考虑使用原生sql
1、多表（5+）联查
2、未配置映射文件中关系
3. 视图映射
场景
select * from 3表联查
limit 起始下标，偏移量
1、原生sql分页
①、BookDao
/**
* 没有使用BaseDao之前的代码
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List<Book> list(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
}
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
query.setParameter("bookName", book.getBookName());
}
if (pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
}
List<Book> list = query.list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;}
2、使用BaseDao
①、BaseDao
package com.xhy.dao;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.xhy.util.PageBean;
/**
* 1、设置参数的问题 2、分页代码重复的问题
*
* sql的通用分页的时候
*
* getCountSql(sql) select count(1) from (sql) t
*
* getCountHql(hql) hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName" hql =
* "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName" select
* count(1) hql
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BaseDao {
/**
* 通用的参数设值方法
*
* @param map
* 参数键值对集合
* @param query
* 预定义处理的hql对象
*/
public void setParam(Map<String, Object> map, Query query) {
if (map != null && map.size() > 0) {
Object value = null;
Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
// 例子的圣墟，但是有的时候它并不是单纯的字符串，可能是数组比如爱好，也可能是集合
value = entry.getValue();
if (value instanceof Object[]) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[]) value);
} else if (value instanceof Collection) {
query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Collection) value);
} else {
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
}
}
}
}
public String getCountHql(String hql) {
// hql = "from Book where bookName like :bookName"
// * hql = "select * from new Book(bid,bookName) where bookName like :bookName"
int index = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
return "select count(*) " + hql.substring(index);
}
/**
* 通用查询方法
* @param session
* @param map
* @param hql
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List executeQuery(Session session,Map<String, Object> map,String hql,PageBean pageBean) {
List list = null;
if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
this.setParam(map, countQuery);
pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// 给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
list = query.list();
}else {
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
// 给预定义hql语句执行对象中的参数赋值，有多少赋值多少
this.setParam(map, query);
list = query.list();
}
return list;
}
}
②、BookDao继承BaseDao
/**
* 使用BaseDao之后的代码
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from Book where 1 = 1";
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(book.getBookName())) {
hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
map.put("bookName", book.getBookName());
}
List list = super.executeQuery(session, map, hql, pageBean);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;}
③、测试及结果
3、在hibernate里面使用原生的sql
①、BookDao
/**
* 使用原生SQL
* @param book
* @param pageBean
* @return
*/
public List list3(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
// String sql = "select b.*,o.* from t_hibernate_book b,t_hibernate_Order o";
String sql = "select * from t_hibernate_book";
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List list = session.createSQLQuery(sql).list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;}
②、测试及结果
扫一扫
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