分组查询
语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的列表
【order by 子句】
注意:
查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
特点:
1.分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置 关键字
分组前的筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面 where
分组后的筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面 having
1.分组函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
2.能用分组条件筛选的,就优先考虑使用分组前筛选
#引入:查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(employee_id) FROM employees;
#简单的分组查询
#案例一:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
#案例二:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
#添加筛选条件
#案例一:查询邮箱中包含a字符的、每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE'%a'
GROUP BY department_id;
#案例二:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的工资
SELECT MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
#添加复杂的筛选条件
#案例一:查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
#1.查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) ,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#2.根据1的结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
SELECT COUNT(*) ,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
#案例二:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
#1.查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id;
#思路:首先明白查询对象是工种编号,最高工资,后要明白每个工种,即将工种分组
#2.根据1的结果继续筛选,最高工资>12000
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
#案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
#1.查询每个领导手下的员工固定最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id;
#2.添加筛选条件:编号>102
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id;
#3.添加筛选条件:最低工资>5000
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
#按表达式或函数分组
#案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
#1.查询每个长度的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name)
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name);
#2.添加筛选条件
SELECT COUNT(*) c,LENGTH(last_name) len_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY len_name
HAVING c>5;
#按多个字段分组
#案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;
#添加排序
#案例:查询每个部门每个工种的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary) a,department_id,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id,department_id
HAVING a>10000
ORDER BY a DESC;