目录：
- 弱网测试
- 什么是弱网测试？
- 使用 Charles 完成弱网测试
- 具体操作：
- mock的价值与意义
- Mock 测试的场景
- Mock 测试的价值与意义
- Mock 核心要素
- mock实战练习
- Rewrite 原理
- Map Local 原理
- Map Remote 原理
- 使用curl发送请求
- 使用 Chrome 开发者工具分析网络请求
- HTTP 协议组成
- copy as curl的作用
- 客户端模拟请求工具
- curl 常见用法
- 重要参数
- 基本参数
- 常用命令
- 练习
- tcpdump与wireshark的使用
- 协议分析工具
- tcpdump
- WireShark
- 抓取访问百度的数据包
- 三次握手与四次挥手
1.弱网测试
什么是弱网测试？
- 按照移动的特性，一般应用低于 3G、弱信号的 Wifi 可以划分为弱网
- 弱网测试是健壮性测试的重要部分，对移动端测试必不可少
- 弱网测试主要进行弱网状态下的功能测试，同时关注用户体验
使用 Charles 完成弱网测试
- 带宽
- 丢包
- 延迟
具体操作：
1.打开MuMu模拟器
2.打开Charles
3.查看ip地址
点击以下按钮
弹出ip界面
4.打开MuMu模拟器的设置
5.打开wifi
6.点击修改网络
7.设置手动代理，填写上边Charlse的ip地址和端口号，点击保存
8.此时配置完后，charles会弹出提示框，点击allow,现在可以抓到mumu模拟器的包了
9.设置弱网：
点击Throttle Settings
模拟3G网络
刷新一下mumu模拟器浏览的网页，可以明显看到网速变慢了，如果3G不合适调试更弱的网试一试
2.mock的价值与意义
Mock 测试的场景
- 前后端数据交互
- 第三方系统数据交互
- 硬件设备解耦
Mock 测试的价值与意义
- 不依赖第三方数据
- 节省工作量
- 节省联调
Mock 核心要素
- 匹配规则
- 模拟响应
3.mock实战练习
Rewrite 原理
Rewrite 实战
- 场景
- 修改雪球行情页面的股票名称
- 设置方法
- Tools -> Rewrite
- 勾选 Enable Rewrite
- 点击下方 Add 按钮新建一个重写的规则
- 在右侧编辑重写规则
- 点击 ok 生效
具体操作：
让charles能够抓到mumu模拟器的包：具体看上边弱网测试的操作
打开雪球App
点击行情
在charles中，点击快捷键 ctrl+f ,输入恒为科技，点击find
双击查看响应：
验证响应结果是否正确：
点击tools,点击rewrite
点击ok
刷新mumu模拟器：
Map Local 原理
- 场景
- 修改雪球行情页面的股票名称
- 操作
- 准备本地接口响应数据
- 配置 Map Local
- 选择要进行 Map Local 的接口
- 鼠标右键 – 选择 Map Local 选项进入设置界面
- Map From 填写接口的信息
- Map To 选择本地文件
- 修改 Map Local 配置：Tools – Map Local
保存响应：
打开看一下响应：
整理响应格式，修改响应内容：恒为科技改为百度666，保存文件
点击MapLocal:
配置maplocal
刷新mumu模拟器：
Map Remote 原理
Map Remote 实战
- 场景
- 访问百度，转发至豆瓣
- 访问开发环境，转发至测试环境
- 前端：http://stuq.ceshiren.com:8081/#/mapLocal
- 开发环境接口：http://stuq.ceshiren.com:8089/report/showMapLocal
- 测试环境接口：http://stuq.ceshiren.com:9098/report/showMapLocal
- 操作
- 选择接口，点击鼠标右键，选择 Map Remote 进入到设置页面
- 设置重定向的接口信息
- 点击 ok 生效
- 修改设置：Tools – Map Remote 找对对应接口双击进入修改界面
4.使用curl发送请求
使用 Chrome 开发者工具分析网络请求
HTTP 协议组成
- target：url protocol host port
- request
- request：get、post、put、delete、head
- header: host cookie user-agent
- get query
- post body：json xml form
- response:
- status line
- header
- body
copy as curl功能
copy as curl的作用
- 把浏览器发送的请求真实的还原出来
- 附带了认证信息，所以可以脱离浏览器执行
- 可以方便开发者重放请求、修改参数调试，编写脚本
客户端模拟请求工具
- nc：tcp/udp 协议发送
- curl：最常使用的 http 请求工具
- postman：综合性的 http 协议测试工具
- 代理工具、IDE 工具、浏览器插件工具
curl 常见用法
url=http://www.baidu.com- get请求
curl $url - post请求
curl -d 'xxx' $url - proxy使用
curl -x 'http://127.0.0.1:8080' $url
重要参数
-H "Content-Type: application/json"消息头设置-u username:password用户认证-d要发送的post数据 @file 表示来自于文件--data-urlencode 'page_size=50'对内容进行url编码-G把data数据当成get请求的参数发送，长与–data-urlencode结合使用-o写文件-x代理 http代理 socks5代理-vverbose 打印更详细日志-s关闭一些提示输出
基本参数
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
--anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H)
-a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)
--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)
--cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)
--capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)
--cert-status Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL)
--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
--compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
-K, --config FILE Read config from FILE
--connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection
--connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level)
-C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer OFFSET
-b, --cookie STRING/FILE Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H)
-c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to FILE after operation (H)
--create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy
--crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload
--crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
-d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H)
--data-raw DATA HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H)
--data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H)
--data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H)
--data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission
--digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)
--disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)
--disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F)
--dns-servers DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2
--dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests
--dns-ipv4-addr IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
--dns-ipv6-addr IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
-D, --dump-header FILE Write the received headers to FILE
--egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL)
--engine ENGINE Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL)
--expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H)
-f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
--fail-early Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
--false-start Enable TLS False Start.
-F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--ftp-account DATA Account data string (F)
--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
--ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)
--ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
-P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)
--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
--ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F)
--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F)
-G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
-g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
-H, --header LINE Pass custom header LINE to server (H)
-I, --head Show document info only
-h, --help This help text
--hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
-0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
--http1.1 Use HTTP 1.1 (H)
--http2 Use HTTP 2 (H)
--http2-prior-knowledge Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H)
--ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
-i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
-k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
--interface INTERFACE Use network INTERFACE (or address)
-4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address
-6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address
-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)
--keepalive-time SECONDS Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes
--key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F)
--libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
--limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to RATE
-l, --list-only List only mode (F/POP3)
--local-port RANGE Force use of RANGE for local port numbers
-L, --location Follow redirects (H)
--location-trusted Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H)
--login-options OPTIONS Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-M, --manual Display the full manual
--mail-from FROM Mail from this address (SMTP)
--mail-rcpt TO Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)
--mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email (SMTP)
--max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F)
--max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
-m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer
--metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file
--negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H)
-n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password
--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
--netrc-file FILE Specify FILE for netrc
-:, --next Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options
--no-alpn Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H)
-N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream
--no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection
--no-npn Disable the NPN TLS extension (H)
--no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
--noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy
--ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
--ntlm-wb Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H)
--oauth2-bearer TOKEN OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-o, --output FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
--pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
--path-as-is Do not squash .. sequences in URL path
--pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL)
--post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
--post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
--post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)
--preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy
-#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar
--proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS
--proto-default PROTOCOL Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme
--proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect
-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port
--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
--proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy
--proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H)
--proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--proxy-negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H)
--proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-tlsv1 Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy
--proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy
--proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP)
--proxy-service-name NAME SPNEGO proxy service name
--service-name NAME SPNEGO service name
-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password
--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
-p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
--pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH)
-Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)
--random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL)
-r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE
--raw Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H)
-e, --referer Referer URL (H)
-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)
-O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file
--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs
-R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output
-X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use
--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS
--retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur
--retry-connrefused Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)
--retry-delay SECONDS Wait SECONDS between retries
--retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period
--sasl-ir Enable initial response in SASL authentication
-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
-s, --silent Silent mode (don't output anything)
--socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
--socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
--socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
--socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API
--socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
-Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs
-y, --speed-time SECONDS Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30)
--ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
--ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL)
-3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL)
--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)
--ssl-no-revoke Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL)
--stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout)
--suppress-connect-headers Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers
--tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option
--tcp-fastopen Use TCP Fast Open
-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option
--tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)
--tftp-no-options Do not send TFTP options requests
-z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition
-1, --tlsv1 Use >= TLSv1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)
--tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)
--tlsv1.3 Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)
--tls-max VERSION Use TLS up to VERSION (SSL)
--trace FILE Write a debug trace to FILE
--trace-ascii FILE Like --trace, but without hex output
--trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
--tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H)
-T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination
--url URL URL to work with
-B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer
-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password
--tlsuser USER TLS username
--tlspassword STRING TLS password
--tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default: SRP)
--unix-socket PATH Connect through this Unix domain socket
--abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket
-A, --user-agent STRING Send User-Agent STRING to server (H)
-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative
-V, --version Show version number and quit
-w, --write-out FORMAT Use output FORMAT after completion
--xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes
-q, --disable Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)常用命令
url=http://www.baidu.com
## get请求加json解析
curl -s 'https://xueqiu.com/stock/search.json?code=sogo&size=3&page=1' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Pragma: no-cache' -H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H 'Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36' -H 'elastic-apm-traceparent: 00-760301b0a132e9a4c0f5ac7448a3419e-8823be75504fc61f-00' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin' -H 'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors' -H 'Referer: https://xueqiu.com/k?q=sogo' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7' -H 'Cookie: device_id=24700f9f1986800ab4fcc880530dd0ed; cookiesu=841584103115161; aliyungf_tc=AQAAAIPytE8aVQoAXhjf3cw3R+j5DD/s; acw_tc=2760824b15851452106833674e25941ad47588d5d7ded79b38a04dad8f9444; xq_a_token=2ee68b782d6ac072e2a24d81406dd950aacaebe3; xqat=2ee68b782d6ac072e2a24d81406dd950aacaebe3; xq_r_token=f9a2c4e43ce1340d624c8b28e3634941c48f1052; xq_id_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1aWQiOi0xLCJpc3MiOiJ1YyIsImV4cCI6MTU4NzUyMjY2MSwiY3RtIjoxNTg1MTQ1MTYxMDIwLCJjaWQiOiJkOWQwbjRBWnVwIn0.TPrw6_M2Th9QTVz5spwUybqN1790nJANu9kxXl4GfNb1eQ2p2zD43CStgogOGQ8yRXYmSCfURp0343wgjnnCdnQX5698Jl-brdP94wiYKwv11q8QjBYMXFWJGRj0g69C2nxVrRF8K-ETGEked3KjYfk8Xy2wPuZtyGUhORWeCvMhmBdcRKIlWj4d7wp-w_LjMbSLigJAT29F03wBZIxR0r3eMNUhUsXh8dCsWNb6wzhtg8dT4gcd91mQmR5ToR_SFrzQfOopY4vQGcaOHWaAwUMPLUopZwD4ajWzm1kpoBZnf_n_9uBfT4j0nGk95E8J8EmTfBlq-1p019xkhgp87w; u=431585145210698; Hm_lvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1583285031,1584102200,1585145180; Hm_lpvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1585145192' --compressed | jq
{
"q": "sogo",
"page": 1,
"size": 3,
"stocks": [
{
"code": "SOGO",
"name": "搜狗",
"enName": "",
"hasexist": "false",
"flag": null,
"type": 0,
"stock_id": 1029472,
"ind_id": 0,
"ind_name": "通讯业务",
"ind_color": null,
"_source": "sc_1:1:sogo"
}
]
}
#post请求
curl 'http://sonarqube.testing-studio.com:9000/api/authentication/login' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'Pragma: no-cache' -H 'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36' -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H 'Origin: http://sonarqube.testing-studio.com:9000' -H 'Referer: http://sonarqube.testing-studio.com:9000/sessions/new' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7' -H 'Cookie: _ga=GA1.2.232181868.1566982077; experimentation_subject_id=IjNlYzgxODQ1LTU2MDAtNGIyNy1iNTgzLTE1MzRkY2IwMDI0ZSI%3D--b1f29d33f6a2c85a81be66e4774d437f710c102f; _gid=GA1.2.482544306.1585051015' --data 'login=admin&password=1234' --compressed --insecure
#百度的一个url提交脚本
curl -H 'Content-Type:text/plain' --data-binary @urls.txt "http://data.zz.baidu.com/urls"
#对参数编码并发送get请求
curl -G $url \
--data-urlencode "current=$current" \
--data-urlencode "pageSize=$pageSize"
#认证与put上传都ElasticSearch里
curl -X PUT "$ES_HOST/$index/_doc/$id?pretty" \
--user username:password \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d "$content"
#查看邮箱
curl -s --user $mail_username:$mail_password "imaps://imap.exmail.qq.com/inbox?all"练习
手工向百度发起一个 http 请求
5.tcpdump与wireshark的使用
协议分析工具
- 网络监听：TcpDump + WireShark
- 代理 Proxy
- 推荐工具：手工测试charles [全平台]、安全测试burpsuite [全平台 java]
- 自动化测试：mitmproxy
- 其他代理： fiddler [仅windows]、AnyProxy [全平台]
- 协议客户端工具: curl、postman
tcpdump
- 参数：
- -x 十六进制展示
- -w file 保存文件
- 表达式：
- ip tcp 协议
- host 主机名
- port 80
- src 来源 dst 目的
- and or () 逻辑表达式
WireShark
抓取访问百度的数据包
sudo tcpdump host www.baidu.com -w /tmp/tcpdump.logcurl http://www.baidu.com- 停止tcpdump
- 使用wireshark打开/tmp/tcpdump.log
三次握手与四次挥手
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