linux -python多版本虚拟环境共存（python 和python3）

目录

Python3 安装虚拟环境

CentOS Linux 自带 Python 2 安装virtualenv  

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Python3 安装虚拟环境

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel  readline-devel tk-devel mysql-devel libffi-devel gcc make

#python 3.8.12
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.8/Python-3.8.12.tgz
#将python安装到python3.8⽬录，与系统原有的不相⼲,同时打开sqlite扩展
tar -xvf Python-3.8.12.tgz

cd Python-3.8.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.8.12 --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
make
make install


ln -s /usr/local/python3.8.12 /opt/app/python3.8.12


#安装venv  推荐
mkdir /export/app/venv/
cd /export/app/venv/

/opt/app/python3.8.12/bin/python3  -m venv  object  

#安装 virtualenv 
/opt/app/python3.8.12/bin/pip3   install  virtualenv
/opt/app/python3.8.12/bin/virtualenv  /export/app/venv/object --python=/usr/local/python3.8.12/bin/python3

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CentOS Linux 自带 Python 2 安装virtualenv  

#当前版本
[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 
[root@localhost bin]# python -V
Python 2.7.5

一般方法是  pip install virtualenv  -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/， 一步到位。

有可能还需要 yum install python-pip 装一下pip

安装发生报错

#pip 安装
[root@localhost venv]# pip install virtualenv  -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting virtualenv
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/56/a2/3e5fdac9ecca6a3a6d2f63f7a486afd4a72728ba9f2ae83fa43f7af8ac8b/virtualenv-20.13.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (8.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.7MB 96kB/s 
Collecting importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" (from virtualenv)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/73/0f/def168c6162596051dcc6acaffc4984ec742eb0c79ce02e51ddc11772b1c/importlib_metadata-4.11.2.tar.gz (43kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 360kB/s 
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/tmp/pip-build-1B_rZv/importlib-metadata/setup.py'
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-1B_rZv/importlib-metadata/

#easy_install 
[root@localhosts venv]# easy_install virtualenv
Searching for virtualenv
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/virtualenv/
Couldn't find index page for 'virtualenv' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
No local packages or download links found for virtualenv
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('virtualenv')

 应该模块版本不兼容，不过很多模块都加入 yum 源，变成 python-XXX模式

[root@loclahost python]#  yum list |grep virtualenv
python-virtualenv.noarch                    15.1.0-5.el7_9             @updates 

就是它了，接下来顺顺利利安装完成

#安装
yum install python-virtualenv  python-devel

#创建一个虚拟环境
/usr/bin/virtualenv  /export/app/venv/object --python=/usr/bin/python

#切换到虚拟环境
cd /export/app/venv/object 
source bin/activate

#安装项目依赖
pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

#退出虚拟环境
deactivate

另外这种方式也适应与python3 等其他版本 

/usr/bin/virtualenv  /export/app/venv/test --python=/opt/app/python3.8.12/bin/python3

不过python3有自带的venv模块。更方便更稳定。

 希望能帮助各位减少运维时间