什么是xml文件?
xml文件是可扩展标记语言、标准通用标记语言的子集。
xml文件的后缀为.xml
例如 students.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<students>
<student id="2">
<name>张三</name>
<address>泸职院</address>
<email>zhangsan@163.com</email>
</student>
<student id="1">
<name>李四</name>
<address>泸职院22</address>
<email>lisi@163.com</email>
</student>
<student id="4">
<name>王五</name>
<address>aaaa</address>
<email>wangwu@163.com</email>
</student>
<student id="3">
<name>张美丽</name>
<address>西南医学院</address>
<email>wangmeili@163.com</email>
</student>
<student id="5">
<name>张无忌啊</name>
<address>高新区创业园</address>
<email>ximenchuixue@163.com</email>
</student>
</students>
解析xml文件
步骤1:获取工厂对象
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
2:获取构建对象
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
3:解析文件路径,得到文档对象
Document document = db.parse(new File("src\\students.xml"));
4:获取根元素
Element element = document.getDocumentElement();
5:获取仅次于根元素element的所有元素student,返回值为集合
NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName("student");
6:遍历获取的集合,在遍历的过程中通过下标获取student,
for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
// 遍历NodeList 通过下标 获取 student
Element student = (Element) nodeList.item(i);
// 获取student元素的id属性 值
String id = student.getAttribute("id");
if (stuId.equals(id)) {
// 通过getTextContent() 方法 获取元素的 值 (标签之间的值)
String name = student.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent();
String address = student.getElementsByTagName("address").item(0).getTextContent();
String email = student.getElementsByTagName("email").item(0).getTextContent();
}
}