linux安装mysql四种方式

一、前言

  linux下安装mysql大概有四种安装方式，分别为仓库安装、本地安装、容器安装、以及源码安装。这几种方式分别对应着不同的工作环境，因此掌握这四种安装mysql方式便会极大的提高我们的工作效率，从而获得老板赏识事业平步青云走向人生巅峰！

二、安装流程

1. 仓库安装                                                                                                                

   [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release      //展示linux版本
   Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.1 (Plow)
   [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm    //安装包
   [root@localhost ~]# dnf install mysql-server -y      //下载MySQL包
   [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
   mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch
   mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64
   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log   //显示mysql的临时密码
   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p               
   #登录之后必须先修改用户密码,默认密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。
   mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!';     //修改密码

2.  本地安装

[root@localhost mysql]# wget  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar        //获得网站mysql包
[root@localhost mysql]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  //解压mysql包
 [root@localhost mysql]# dnf localinstall  mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \
> mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \
> mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \
> mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \
> mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm \
> mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld              //开启MySQL服务
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!';
mysql> show databases;
mysql> exit

 

     3.  容器安装

[root@localhost ~]# dnf install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2  
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo           //添加docker源
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo       
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install docker -ce --allowerasing -y  //下载docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker             //开启docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysqltest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql                                           //用docker启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysqltest /bin/bash    
bash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p 

      4.  源码安装

  这个也是四个当中最费劲的一种方式，那么我们来看看具体操作

[root@localhost ~]# wget  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz

#添加用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
#开始源码安装
[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake -y
[root@localhost bld]# yum install   cmake gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc rpcgen git  -y
[root@localhost bld]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql-8.0.32/
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# mkdir bld
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# cd bld
[root@localhost bld]# cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=../boost/boost_1_77_0/
[root@localhost bld]# make    ########该过程很久，请耐心等待
[root@localhost bld]# make install
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!';
mysql> show databases;
mysql> exit

#停止mysql服务
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -pAdmin123! shutdown

# Next command is optional
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysql

######说明1：mysql命令登录数据库说明
#mysql -u 用户名 -p密码 -h连接的数据库服务器的ip  [-D]数据库名 -P 端口
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# mysql -uroot -pAdmin123! -P3306 -D mysql -h localhost
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.30    |
+-----------+
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql      |
+------------+
mysql> use sys;
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
mysql> select current_user();
+----------------+
| current_user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
######说明2、mysql用户修改密码使用的方式
方式1：使用mysqladmin
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 'Admin123!'
方式2：使用mysql的alter语句
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin123!';
方式3：使用set passwod
mysql> set password for root@localhost='Admin123!';
方式4：使用mysql的update语句，8.0可以删除密码
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string='' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# mysql
######说明3：如果忘记数据库root用户密码。可以通过下面的办法修改
方式1：
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# mysqld --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# mysql
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
mysql> exit
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# killall mysqld
方式2：
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# vim /tmp/mysql-init
alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# mysqld --init-file=/tmp/mysql-init --user=mysql &
[root@mysql-8-0-32 ~]# killall  mysqld
######说明4：配置数据库的root用户远程登录
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
mysql.infoschema:系统用户，管理和访问系统自带的information_schema数据库。
mysql.session：mysql的插件将会使用该用户访问mysql数据库服务器。客户端不能直接使用该用户进行链接。
mysql.sys：该用户避免数据库管理员重命名或者删除root用户时发生的问题，客户端不能直接使用该用户进行链接。
root：mysql的超级用户，用于管理mysql数据库，拥有所有权限，可执行任何操作，不建议使用该用户操作mysql数据库。
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
#使用命令行界面客户端测试
[root@mysql8-0-30 ~]# mysql -uroot -pAdmin123! -h 192.168.168.128
#使用图形界面客户端连接
https://www.navicat.com.cn/
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/
https://dbeaver.io/download/
https://webyog.com/product/sqlyog/