SpringMVC专题(七)-SpringMVC异常处理

我们知道，系统中异常包括：编译时异常和运行时异常RuntimeException，前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息，后者主要通过规范代码开发、测试通过手段减少运行时异常的发生。在开发中，不管是dao层、service层还是controller层，都有可能抛出异常，在springmvc中，能将所有类型的异常处理从各处理过程解耦出来，既保证了相关处理过程的功能较单一，也实现了异常信息的统一处理和维护。

1.异常处理思路

在springmvc中，异常处理的思路

如上图所示，系统的dao、service、controller出现异常都通过throws Exception向上抛出，最后由springmvc前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理。springmvc提供全局异常处理器（一个系统只有一个异常处理器)进行统一异常处理。明白了springmvc中的异常处理机制，下面就开始分析springmvc中的异常处理。

2.异常处理结构体系

Spring MVC通过HandlerExceptionResolver处理程序的异常,包括处理映射,数据绑定及处理器执行时发生异常。HandlerExceptionResolver仅有一个接口方法:

/**
 * Interface to be implemented by objects that can resolve exceptions thrown during
 * handler mapping or execution, in the typical case to error views. Implementors are
 * typically registered as beans in the application context.
 *
 * <p>Error views are analogous to JSP error pages but can be used with any kind of
 * exception including any checked exception, with potentially fine-grained mappings for
 * specific handlers.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 22.11.2003
 */
public interface HandlerExceptionResolver {
   

	/**
	 * Try to resolve the given exception that got thrown during handler execution,
	 * returning a {@link ModelAndView} that represents a specific error page if appropriate.
	 * <p>The returned {@code ModelAndView} may be {@linkplain ModelAndView#isEmpty() empty}
	 * to indicate that the exception has been resolved successfully but that no view
	 * should be rendered, for instance by setting a status code.
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 * @param response current HTTP response
	 * @param handler the executed handler, or {@code null} if none chosen at the
	 * time of the exception (for example, if multipart resolution failed)
	 * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
	 * @return a corresponding {@code ModelAndView} to forward to, or {@code null}
	 * for default processing
	 */
	ModelAndView resolveException(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex);

}

当发生异常时,Spring MVC将调用 resolveException()方法,并转到ModelAndView对应视图中,作为一个异常报告页面,反馈给用户!
HandlerExceptionResolver拥有4个常见实现类:

3.异常处理方案

3.1.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

Spring MVC默认装配了DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver,它会将Spring MVC框架的异常转换为相应的相应状态码!
异常和相应状态码对应表

在web.xml响应状态码配置一个对应页面

<error-page>
	<error>404</error>
	<location>/static/404.html</location>
</error-page