Spring Cloud Gateway 依赖冲突问题

今天在配置运行Spring Cloud Gateway的时候出现了这个错误

Description:

Parameter 0 of method websocketRoutingFilter in org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayAutoConfiguration required a bean of type 'org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.client.WebSocketClient' that could not be found.

The following candidates were found but could not be injected:
	- Bean method 'reactorNettyWebSocketClient' in 'GatewayAutoConfiguration.NettyConfiguration' not loaded because @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'reactor.ipc.netty.http.client.HttpClient'


Action:

Consider revisiting the entries above or defining a bean of type 'org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.client.WebSocketClient' in your configuration.

这是maven所使用到的依赖

	<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
	</parent>
    
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>
    <name>gateway</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud Gateway网关</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <fastjson.version>1.2.8</fastjson.version>
        <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

解决办法：排除报错的 WebSocketClient 相关的类

		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
		</dependency>

排除后就能够正常运行了

总结：

这个错误的原因是在 Spring Cloud Gateway 的自动配置中，需要一个类型为 org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.client.WebSocketClient 的 Bean，但是系统没有找到符合条件的 Bean。

通过添加排除项 < exclusion >，排除了 spring-boot-starter-webflux 的依赖，这个依赖包含了 Spring WebFlux 框架，其中也包含了 WebSocketClient 相关的类。因此，排除了这个依赖后，系统就不再需要 WebSocketClient，相应的错误也消失了。

但是这么做会出现两个问题：

翻译：

类路径中缺少 Spring Webflux，而此时 Spring Cloud Gateway 需要该类路径。请添加 spring-boot-starter-webflux 依赖项。

在类路径上发现 Spring MVC，目前与 Spring Cloud Gateway 不兼容。请删除 spring-boot-starter-web 依赖项。

通过 mvn dependency:tree 指令查看依赖树结构

所以问题在于 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server 包含了 spring-boot-starter-web 依赖，spring-cloud-starter-gateway 包含了 spring-boot-starter-webflux 依赖，spring-boot-starter-web 和 spring-boot-starter-webflux 存在冲突。

解决方案：将 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server 依赖改为 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client 依赖，因为 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client 依赖中不包含 spring-boot-starter-web，修改 org.springframework.boot 依赖和 org.springframework.cloud 依赖的版本，确保其兼容。

修改后的 pom.xml 文件

	<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
	</parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

网关 gateway 正常启动