代码随想录第十一天（一刷&&C语言）|滑动窗口最大值&&前k个高频元素

创作目的：为了方便自己后续复习重点，以及养成写博客的习惯。

一、滑动窗口最大值

思路：参考了ledcode官方题解

ledcode题目：https://leetcode.cn/problems/sliding-window-maximum/

AC代码：

void swap(int** a, int** b) {
    int* tmp = *a;
    *a = *b, *b = tmp;
}

int cmp(int* a, int* b) {
    return a[0] == b[0] ? a[1] - b[1] : a[0] - b[0];
}

struct Heap {
    int** heap;
    int size;
    int capacity;
};

void init(struct Heap* obj, int capacity) {
    obj->size = 0;
    obj->heap = NULL;
    obj->capacity = capacity;
    obj->heap = malloc(sizeof(int*) * (obj->capacity + 1));
    for (int i = 1; i <= obj->capacity; i++) {
        obj->heap[i] = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
    }
}

void setFree(struct Heap* obj) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= obj->capacity; i++) {
        free(obj->heap[i]);
    }
    free(obj->heap);
    free(obj);
}

void push(struct Heap* obj, int num0, int num1) {
    int sub1 = ++(obj->size), sub2 = sub1 >> 1;
    (obj->heap[sub1])[0] = num0, (obj->heap[sub1])[1] = num1;
    while (sub2 > 0 && cmp(obj->heap[sub2], obj->heap[sub1]) < 0) {
        swap(&(obj->heap[sub1]), &(obj->heap[sub2]));
        sub1 = sub2, sub2 = sub1 >> 1;
    }
}

void pop(struct Heap* obj) {
    int sub = 1;
    swap(&(obj->heap[sub]), &(obj->heap[(obj->size)--]));
    while (sub <= obj->size) {
        int sub1 = sub << 1, sub2 = sub << 1 | 1;
        int maxSub = sub;
        if (sub1 <= obj->size && cmp(obj->heap[maxSub], obj->heap[sub1]) < 0) {
            maxSub = sub1;
        }
        if (sub2 <= obj->size && cmp(obj->heap[maxSub], obj->heap[sub2]) < 0) {
            maxSub = sub2;
        }
        if (sub == maxSub) {
            break;
        }
        swap(&(obj->heap[sub]), &(obj->heap[maxSub]));
        sub = maxSub;
    }
}

int* top(struct Heap* obj) {
    return obj->heap[1];
}

int* maxSlidingWindow(int* nums, int numsSize, int k, int* returnSize) {
    struct Heap* q = malloc(sizeof(struct Heap));
    init(q, numsSize);
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        push(q, nums[i], i);
    }
    int* ans = malloc(sizeof(int) * (numsSize - k + 1));
    *returnSize = 0;
    ans[(*returnSize)++] = top(q)[0];

    for (int i = k; i < numsSize; ++i) {
        push(q, nums[i], i);
        while (top(q)[1] <= i - k) {
            pop(q);
        }
        ans[(*returnSize)++] = top(q)[0];
    }
    setFree(q);
    return ans;
}

二、前k个高频元素

思路：参考了ledcode官方题解

lecode题目：https://leetcode.cn/problems/top-k-frequent-elements/

AC代码：

struct hash_table {
    int key;
    int val;
    UT_hash_handle hh;
};

typedef struct hash_table* hash_ptr;

struct pair {
    int first;
    int second;
};

void swap(struct pair* a, struct pair* b) {
    struct pair t = *a;
    *a = *b, *b = t;
}

void sort(struct pair* v, int start, int end, int* ret, int* retSize, int k) {
    int picked = rand() % (end - start + 1) + start;
    swap(&v[picked], &v[start]);

    int pivot = v[start].second;
    int index = start;
    for (int i = start + 1; i <= end; i++) {
        // 使用双指针把不小于基准值的元素放到左边，
        // 小于基准值的元素放到右边
        if (v[i].second >= pivot) {
            swap(&v[index + 1], &v[i]);
            index++;
        }
    }
    swap(&v[start], &v[index]);

    if (k <= index - start) {
        // 前 k 大的值在左侧的子数组里
        sort(v, start, index - 1, ret, retSize, k);
    } else {
        // 前 k 大的值等于左侧的子数组全部元素
        // 加上右侧子数组中前 k - (index - start + 1) 大的值
        for (int i = start; i <= index; i++) {
            ret[(*retSize)++] = v[i].first;
        }
        if (k > index - start + 1) {
            sort(v, index + 1, end, ret, retSize, k - (index - start + 1));
        }
    }
}

int* topKFrequent(int* nums, int numsSize, int k, int* returnSize) {
    hash_ptr head = NULL;
    hash_ptr p = NULL, tmp = NULL;

    // 获取每个数字出现次数
    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {
        HASH_FIND_INT(head, &nums[i], p);
        if (p == NULL) {
            p = malloc(sizeof(struct hash_table));
            p->key = nums[i];
            p->val = 1;
            HASH_ADD_INT(head, key, p);
        } else {
            p->val++;
        }
    }
    struct pair values[numsSize];
    int valuesSize = 0;

    HASH_ITER(hh, head, p, tmp) {
        values[valuesSize].first = p->key;
        values[valuesSize++].second = p->val;
    }
    int* ret = malloc(sizeof(int) * k);
    *returnSize = 0;
    sort(values, 0, valuesSize - 1, ret, returnSize, k);
    return ret;
}

全篇后记：

记录自己的学习历程，希望自己可以坚持把题都刷完。