一、哈希
1、两数之和
https://leetcode.cn/problems/two-sum/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
使用HashMap,遍历数组,判断当前元素的“补数”是否存在,如果存在直接返回结果,否则在Map中记录当前元素及其下标。
时间复杂度 O(n)
空间复杂度 O(n)
class Solution {
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(nums.length);
for(int i=0; i < nums.length; i++){
int x = target-nums[i];
if(map.containsKey(x)){
return new int[]{
map.get(x), i};
}else{
map.put(nums[i], i);
}
}
return null;
}
}
2、字母异位词分组
https://leetcode.cn/problems/group-anagrams/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
computeIfAbsent 方法是 Java 中 Map 接口提供的一个方法,用于在 Map 中不存在指定 key 的情况下,根据指定的函数计算一个值并将其存储到 Map 中。具体来说,该方法接收两个参数:key 和一个函数。如果 Map 中不存在指定的 key,则会调用该函数计算一个值,并将该值与指定的 key 关联存储到 Map 中。如果指定的 key 已经存在于 Map 中,则该方法不会执行任何操作。这个方法可以用于避免手动检查 key 是否存在,简化代码逻辑。
Map接口的values()方法返回一个包含Map中所有值的Collection。这个Collection是Map中所有值的视图,任何对该Collection的修改都会反映到原始Map中。
时间复杂度 O(n)
空间复杂度 O(n)
class Solution {
static class ArrayKey{
int[] key = new int[26];
public boolean equals(Object obj){
if(obj == null || !getClass().equals(obj.getClass()))return false;
if(key == obj)return true;
ArrayKey arrayKey = (ArrayKey) obj;
return Arrays.equals(key, arrayKey.key);
}
public int hashCode(){
return Arrays.hashCode(key);
}
public ArrayKey(String str){
for(char c : str.toCharArray()){
key[c - 'a']++;
}
}
}
public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
Map<ArrayKey, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
for(String s : strs){
ArrayKey arrayKey = new ArrayKey(s);
List<String> list = map.computeIfAbsent(arrayKey, key -> new ArrayList<>());
list.add(s);
}
return new ArrayList<>(map.values());
}
}
3、最长连续序列
https://leetcode.cn/problems/longest-consecutive-sequence/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
先使用HashSet去重,如果对当前元素x存在x-1,那么肯定从x-1开始算序列长度会更长,所以当x-1存在时,就跳过x,去计算x-1。
时间复杂度 O(n)
空间复杂度 O(n)
class Solution {
public int longestConsecutive(int[] nums) {
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
for(int n : nums){
set.add(n);
}
int ans = 0;
for(Integer x : set){
if(!set.contains(x-1)){
int cur = x;
int len = 1;
while(set.contains(cur+1)){
cur++;
len++;
}
ans = Math.max(ans, len);
}
}
return ans;
}
}
二、双指针
1、移动零
https://leetcode.cn/problems/move-zeroes/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
不用双指针,先将非0数重新放入nums,最后放入0。
时间复杂度 O(n)
空间复杂度 O(1)
class Solution {
public void moveZeroes(int[] nums) {
int pos = 0;
for(int x : nums){
if(x != 0){
nums[pos++] = x;
}
}
while(pos < nums.length)nums[pos++] = 0;
}
}
2、盛最多水的容器
https://leetcode.cn/problems/container-with-most-water/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
时间复杂度O(logn)
空间复杂度 O(1)
class Solution {
public int maxArea(int[] height) {
int l = 0, r = height.length - 1;
int max = 0;
while(l < r){
// 计算之间的面积
int sum = Math.min(height[l], height[r]) * (r - l);
if(sum > max) max = sum;
// 移动柱子,尽量让待计算的高度更高
if(height[l] <= height[r]){
l++;
}else{
r--;
}
}
return max;
}
}
3、三数之和
https://leetcode.cn/problems/3sum/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
排序+双指针
时间 O(n^2)
空间 O(n)
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> threeSum(int[] nums) {
Arrays.sort(nums);
int n = nums.length;
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < n-2; i++){
// 去重
if(i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1])continue;
List<List<Integer>> res = fun(nums, i+1, n-1, nums[i], -nums[i]);
ans.addAll(res);
}
return ans;
}
public List<List<Integer>> fun(int[] nums, int left, int right, int num, int target){
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
int l = left, r = right;
while(l < r){
int sum = nums[l]+nums[r];
if(sum == target){
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(num);
list.add(nums[l]);
list.add(nums[r]);
ans.add(list);
// 去重
while(l < r && nums[l] == nums[l+1]){
l++;
}
l++;
while(l < r && nums[r] == nums[r-1]){
r--;
}
r--;
}else if(sum < target){
l++;
}else{
r--;
}
}
return ans;
}
}
4、接雨水
https://leetcode.cn/problems/trapping-rain-water/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
时间O(n)
空间O(n)
class Solution {
public int trap(int[] height) {
int n = height.length;
int[] left = new int[n];
int[] right = new int[n];
left[0] = height[0];
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
left[i] = Math.max(height[i], left[i-1]);
}
right[n-1] = height[n-1];
for(int i = n-2; i>= 0; i--){
right[i] = Math.max(height[i], right[i+1]);
}
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
int x = Math.min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i];
if(x > 0)sum += x;
}
return sum;
}
}
三、滑动窗口
1、无重复字符的最长子串
https://leetcode.cn/problems/longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
时间O(n)
空间O(|S|)
如果[i, j]不重复,那么[i+1, j]不重复
class Solution {
public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
int n = s.length();
Set<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
int j = 0, cnt = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
if(i != 0){
set.remove(s.charAt(i-1));
}
while(j < n && !set.contains(s.charAt(j))){
set.add(s.charAt(j));
j++;
}
cnt = Math.max(cnt, j - i);
}
return cnt;
}
}
2、找到字符串中所有字母异位词
https://leetcode.cn/problems/find-all-anagrams-in-a-string/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
使用Hash,其实就是暴力,但是容易理解。
class Solution {
static class ArrayKey{
int[] key = new int[26];
public ArrayKey(String s){
for(char c : s.toCharArray()){
key[c - 'a']++;
}
}
public boolean equals(Object o){
if(o == null || !o.getClass().equals(this.getClass()))return false;
if(o == this)return true;
ArrayKey arrayKey = (ArrayKey)o;
return Arrays.equals(this.key, arrayKey.key);
}
public int hashCode(){
return Arrays.hashCode(key);
}
}
public List<Integer> findAnagrams(String s, String p) {
List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
int len1 = s.length();
int len2 = p.length();
ArrayKey key = new ArrayKey(p);
for(int i = 0; i <= len1-len2; i++){
String str = s.substring(i, i+len2);
ArrayKey t = new ArrayKey(str);
if(key.equals(t)){
ans.add(i);
}
}
return ans;
}
}
四、子串
1、和为 K 的子数组
https://leetcode.cn/problems/subarray-sum-equals-k/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
前缀和+HashMap
class Solution {
public int subarraySum(int[] nums, int k) {
int cnt = 0;
int n = nums.length;
int pre = 0;
HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(0, 1);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
pre += nums[i];
if(map.containsKey(pre - k)){
cnt += map.get(pre - k);
}
map.put(pre, map.getOrDefault(pre, 0) + 1);
}
return cnt;
}
}
2、滑动窗口最大值
https://leetcode.cn/problems/sliding-window-maximum/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
使用优先队列
class Solution {
public int[] maxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
PriorityQueue<int[]> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(new Comparator<int[]>(){
public int compare(int[] pair1, int[] pair2){
return pair1[0] != pair2[0] ? pair2[0]-pair1[0] : pair2[1]-pair1[1];
}
});
for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){
pq.offer(new int[]{
nums[i], i});
}
int[] ans = new int[nums.length-k+1];
ans[0] = pq.peek()[0];
int x = 1;
for(int i = k; i < nums.length; i++){
pq.offer(new int[]{
nums[i], i});
// 最大值不在窗口内了,就出队
while(pq.peek()[1] <= i-k){
pq.poll();
}
ans[x++] = pq.peek()[0];
}
return ans;
}
}
import java.util.*;
public class Solution {
public ArrayList<Integer> maxInWindows (int[] num, int size) {
if(num.length == 0 || size > num.length || size == 0){
return new ArrayList<Integer>();
}
ArrayList<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>(num.length-size+1);
// 使用Lambda表达式
PriorityQueue<int[]> pq = new PriorityQueue<>((arr1, arr2) ->
arr1[0] != arr2[0] ? arr2[0] - arr1[0] : arr2[1] - arr1[1]
);
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
pq.offer(new int[]{
num[i], i});
}
ans.add(pq.peek()[0]);
for(int i = size; i < num.length; i++){
pq.offer(new int[]{
num[i], i});
while(pq.peek()[1] <= i-size){
pq.poll();
}
ans.add(pq.peek()[0]);
}
return ans;
}
}
五、普通数组
1、最大子数组和
https://leetcode.cn/problems/maximum-subarray/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
class Solution {
// public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
// int n = nums.length;
// int[] dp = new int[n];
// dp[0] = nums[0];
// int ans = dp[0];
// for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
// dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i-1] + nums[i], nums[i]);
// ans = Math.max(ans, dp[i]);
// }
// return ans;
// }
public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
if(nums.length ==1)return nums[0];
int cur = 0;
int ans = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for(int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
cur = cur+nums[i];
ans = Math.max(ans, cur);
if(cur <= 0){
cur = 0;
continue;
}
}
return ans;
}
}
2、合并区间
https://leetcode.cn/problems/merge-intervals/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
时间O(nlogn),主要是排序
class Solution {
public int[][] merge(int[][] intervals) {
int len = intervals.length;
//Arrays.sort(intervals, (a, b) -> Integer.compare(a[0], b[0]));
Arrays.sort(intervals, new Comparator<int[]>() {
public int compare(int[] interval1, int[] interval2) {
return interval1[0] - interval2[0];
}
});
List<int[]> ans = new LinkedList<>();
ans.add(intervals[0]);
for(int i = 1; i < len; i++){
if(intervals[i][0] <= ans.getLast()[1]){
int start = ans.getLast()[0];
int end = Math.max(intervals[i][1], ans.getLast()[1]);
ans.removeLast();
ans.add(new int[]{
start,end});
}else{
ans.add(intervals[i]);
}
}
return ans.toArray(new int[ans.size()][]);
}
}
3、轮转数组
https://leetcode.cn/problems/rotate-array/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
使用一个额外的数组
class Solution {
public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
int n = nums.length;
int[] t = new int[n];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
t[(i+k)%n] = nums[i];
}
System.arraycopy(t, 0, nums, 0, n);
}
}
4、除自身以外数组的乘积
https://leetcode.cn/problems/product-of-array-except-self/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-100-liked
class Solution {
public int[] productExceptSelf(int[] nums) {
int n = nums.length;
int[] ans = new int[n];
ans[0] = 1;
// 记录第i个数左边的数的总乘积
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
ans[i] = ans[i-1]*nums[i-1];
}
int r = 1; // 记录第i个数右边的数的总乘积
for(int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--){
ans[i] = ans[i]*r;
r *= nums[i];
}
return ans;
}