keepalived高可用

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-31 10:43:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-31 10:43:10 发布

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分类专栏：服务管理文章标签： linux 1024程序员节

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58281447/article/details/120890595

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Keepalived是一款用于实现LVS负载均衡和服务高可用的软件，通过VRRP协议确保服务不间断运行。它能管理LVS集群，进行健康检查，并提供系统服务的高可用性。在HTTPD服务中，Keepalived配置主备节点，主节点通过发送心跳包维持高可用，当主节点故障时，备节点接管服务。配置包括设置VRRP参数、监控脚本和通知机制，确保在主节点宕机时快速切换，保证业务连续性。

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keepalived

keepalived简介

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
keepalived官网

keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。

在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

那么，什么是VRRP呢？
VRRP ,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题，VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。

keepalived工作原理描述

Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：

VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy
Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般
Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

keepalived实现httpd负载均衡机高可用

安装keepalived

环境说明

主机	ip
master	192.168.200.128
slave	192.168.200.159

配置主keepalived

// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 
[root@master ~]# reboot 
[root@master ~]# getenforce 0
Disabled

// 安装软件工具
[root@master ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget gcc gcc-c++

// 安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived

[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived       //配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf    //此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service //此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
......省略

备服务器上安装keepalived

// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@slave ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@slave ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 
[root@slave ~]# reboot 
[root@slave ~]# getenforce 0
Disabled

// 安装keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

在主备机上分别安装httpd

在master上安装httpd

[root@master ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@master ~]# ss -anlt
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128                    *:80                  *:*      
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*      
[root@master ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@master html]# ls
[root@master html]# echo "192.168.200.128" > index.html
[root@master html]# cat index.html 
192.168.200.128
[root@master html]# systemctl restart httpd

在slave上安装httpd

[root@slave ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@slave ~]# ss -anlt
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        128                    *:80                  *:*      
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*

在这里插入图片描述

keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass shaoyb
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-10-21 16:36:28 CST; 22s ago
 Main PID: 157357 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 23789)
   Memory: 2.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─157357 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─157358 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─157359 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

配置备keepalived

[root@slave ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass shaoyb
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@slave ~]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled;>
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-10-21 16:41:30 CST; 16s ago
  Process: 121754 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (c>
 Main PID: 121755 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 23789)
   Memory: 3.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─121755 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─121756 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─121757 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

查看VIP在哪里

在MASTER上查看

[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9d:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.128/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1104sec preferred_lft 1104sec
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::10:8f70:bf59:d38b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在SLAVE上查看

[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:cd:42:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.159/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1750sec preferred_lft 1750sec
    inet6 fe80::b2c0:b94b:258a:872c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

keepalived监控httpd

在master上编写脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_h.sh
#!/bin/bash
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_h.sh 
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
        subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
        content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
        echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1978974056@qq.com
}
case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ll
总用量 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 10月 21 16:51 check_h.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 661 10月 21 16:52 notify.sh

在slave上编写脚本

[root@slave ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@slave ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@slave scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
        subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
        content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
        echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1978974056@qq.com
}
case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@slave scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@slave scripts]# ll
总用量 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 661 10月 21 16:54 notify.sh

配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script httpd_check {
    script "/scripts/check_h.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass shaoyb
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
    track_script {
        httpd_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.200.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.200.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

配置备keepalived

[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass shaoyb
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.200.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.200.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.159 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

模拟主服务器宕机

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop httpd

在这里插入图片描述

//模拟主服务器或者服务被抢救过来了
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9d:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.128/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1204sec preferred_lft 1204sec
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::64:8f99:30c2:17fa/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在这里插入图片描述