Linux 文件系统和磁盘管理 RAID5

花峪海

已于 2023-10-01 12:55:46 修改

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2023-10-01 12:54:55 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58741911/article/details/133462283

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Linux 文件系统和磁盘管理

步骤一：配置centos7的软件安装环境... 3

步骤二：给虚拟机添加磁盘... 4

步骤三：通过mdadm创建raid5（详见笔记）... 5

步骤三 Raid5验证：... 6

RAID(了解)

安全性
存储速度

步骤一：配置centos7的软件安装环境

1. 检查虚拟机中配置的操作系统光盘是否正常的配置

1.2 本地更新源的配置（详见笔记）

  cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

  mkdir old

mv *.* old

vi CentOS-Media.repo

name=CentOS

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7




mkdir /mnt/cdrom

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nano

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

c7-media                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00    

(1/2): c7-media/group_gz                                                             | 156 kB  00:00:00    

(2/2): c7-media/primary_db                                                           | 3.1 MB  00:00:00    

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Package nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

步骤二：给虚拟机添加磁盘

图表 1下一步下一步

磁盘创建查看：

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sd*

/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdc  /dev/sdd  /dev/sde [root@localhost ~]# lsblk        //磁盘挂载情况

NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk

├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot

└─sda2            8:2    0   19G  0 part

  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /

  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

sdb               8:16   0    1G  0 disk

sdc               8:32   0    1G  0 disk

sdd               8:48   0    1G  0 disk

sde               8:64   0    1G  0 disk

sr0              11:0    1  4.2G  0 rom  /mnt/cdrom

[root@localhost ~]#

步骤三：通过mdadm创建raid5（详见笔记）

重启后需要重新挂载

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/ //手动挂载

vi /etc/fstab编辑分区表，在末尾添加以下一行以实现 //自动挂载

/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom ext4 defaults 0 0

[root@localhost dev]# yum install mdadm

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Package mdadm-4.0-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[root@localhost dev]#

mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l5 -n3 /dev/sd[bcd] -x1 /dev/sde

步骤四 Raid5验证：

格式磁盘

[root@localhost dev]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 //格式化

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks

131072 inodes, 523776 blocks

26188 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912

16 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912



Allocating group tables: done                           

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done



创建挂载文件夹   //挂载

[root@localhost dev]# mkdir /mnt/raid5

[root@localhost dev]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid5/

[root@localhost dev]# df -hT

Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  4.4G   13G  26% /

devtmpfs                devtmpfs  897M     0  897M   0% /dev

tmpfs                   tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                   tmpfs     912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run

tmpfs                   tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  179M  836M  18% /boot

tmpfs                   tmpfs     183M  4.0K  183M   1% /run/user/42

tmpfs                   tmpfs     183M   20K  183M   1% /run/user/1000

/dev/sr0                iso9660   4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom

tmpfs                   tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0

/dev/md0                ext4      2.0G  6.0M  1.9G   1% /mnt/raid5

[root@localhost dev]#

4个硬盘为什么总4G内存可存储就2G呢

=》

1G 1G 1G 1G

数据数据校验热备

2G可用

[root@localhost dev]# lsblk

NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT

sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 

├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part  /boot

└─sda2            8:2    0   19G  0 part 

  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm   /

  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm   [SWAP]

sdb               8:16   0    1G  0 disk 

└─md0             9:0    0    2G  0 raid5 /mnt/raid5

sdc               8:32   0    1G  0 disk 

└─md0             9:0    0    2G  0 raid5 /mnt/raid5

sdd               8:48   0    1G  0 disk 

└─md0             9:0    0    2G  0 raid5 /mnt/raid5

sde               8:64   0    1G  0 disk 

└─md0             9:0    0    2G  0 raid5 /mnt/raid5

sr0              11:0    1  4.2G  0 rom   /mnt/cdrom

[root@localhost dev]#

查看raid5 的详情信息

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0

/dev/md0:

           Version : 1.2                                     //版本1.2

     Creation Time : Sun Oct  1 11:47:26 2023

        Raid Level : raid5                                    //RAID 5

        Array Size : 2095104 (2046.00 MiB 2145.39 MB)         //磁盘大小2G

     Used Dev Size : 1047552 (1023.00 MiB 1072.69 MB)

      Raid Devices : 3                                      //总共有3块设备

     Total Devices : 4                                      // 总数有4块

       Persistence : Superblock is persistent



       Update Time : Sun Oct  1 12:00:13 2023

             State : clean

    Active Devices : 3                                            //活跃存储数据

   Working Devices : 4                                     //总数4块

    Failed Devices : 0                                                                   //坏了0块

     Spare Devices : 1                                   //一块空闲，热插拔



            Layout : left-symmetric

        Chunk Size : 512K



Consistency Policy : resync



              Name : localhost.localdomain:0  (local to host localhost.localdomain)

              UUID : e192c9ca:45dff8f0:96fd4247:b936aef0

            Events : 18





Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State

数据组

       0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb

       1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc

       4       8       48        2      active sync   /dev/sdd

    热备组

       3       8       64        -      spare   /dev/sde

[root@localhost ~]#

实时查看状态

watch -n0.5 'mdadm -D /dev/md0|tail -10'