#触发器
#创建触发器
#准备工作
CREATE DATABASE dbtest17;
USE dbtest17;
CREATE TABLE test_trigger (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
t_note VARCHAR(30)
);
CREATE TABLE test_trigger_log (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
t_log VARCHAR(30)
);
#查看表数据
SELECT * FROM test_trigger_log;
SELECT * FROM test_trigger;
#创建触发器
/*
创建触发器:创建名称为before_insert的触发器,向test_trigger数据表插入数据之前,向
test_trigger_log数据表中插入before_insert的日志信息。
*/
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER before_insert
BEFORE INSERT ON test_trigger
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_trigger_log(t_log)
VALUES('before insert.....');
END//
DELIMITER ;
#测试
INSERT INTO test_trigger(t_note)
VALUES('test_1');
SELECT * FROM test_trigger;
SELECT * FROM test_trigger_log;
#举例二:
/*
创建名称为after_insert的触发器,向test_trigger数据表插入数据之后,向test_trigger_log数据表中插
入after_insert的日志信息。
*/
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER after_insert
AFTER INSERT ON test_trigger
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO test_trigger_log(t_log)
VALUES('tom....');
END//
DELIMITER ;
#添加测试
INSERT INTO test_trigger(t_note)
VALUES('test_2');
SELECT * FROM test_trigger;
SELECT * FROM test_trigger_log;
CREATE TABLE employees
AS
SELECT * FROM atguigudb.`employees`;
CREATE TABLE departments
AS
SELECT * FROM atguigudb.departments;
DESC employees;
/*
举例3:定义触发器“salary_check_trigger”,基于员工表“employees”的INSERT事件,在INSERT之前检查
将要添加的新员工薪资是否大于他领导的薪资,如果大于领导薪资,则报sqlstate_value为'HY000'的错
误,从而使得添加失败。
*/
DELIMITER//
CREATE TRIGGER salary_check_trigger
BEFORE INSERT ON employees
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
DECLARE mgr_sal DOUBLE;
SELECT salary INTO mgr_sal
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = new.manager_id;
IF new.salary > mgr_sal
THEN SIGNAL SQLSTATE 'HY000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = '薪资高于领导薪资错误';
END IF;
END//
DELIMITER;
#测试
DROP TRIGGER salary_check_trigger;
DESC employees;
#添加成功:依然触发salary_check_trigger的执行
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id,last_name,email,hire_date,job_id,salary,manager_id)
VALUES(300,'Tom','Tom@126.com',CURDATE(),'AD_VP',8000,103);
#添加失败:触发salary_check_trigger的执行 错误 退出sql逻辑执行
INSERT INTO employees(employee_id,last_name,email,hire_date,job_id,salary,manager_id)
VALUES(301,'Tom1','Tom1@126.com',CURDATE(),'AD_VP',10000,103);
SELECT * FROM employees;
#查看触发器
#方式1:查看当前数据库的所有触发器的定义
SHOW TRIGGERS;
#方式2:方式2:查看当前数据库中某个触发器的定义
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER salary_check_trigger;
#方式3:从系统库information_schema的TRIGGERS表中查询“salary_check_trigger”触发器的信息
SELECT * FROM information_schema.TRIGGERS;
#删除触发器
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS after_insert;
SHOW TRIGGERS;
#注:在和外键约束冲突时触发器并不会执行
#例如:删除主表中关联外键字段 从表设置为空 触发器也设置了
#课后练习
#0. 准备工作
CREATE TABLE emps
AS
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM atguigudb.`employees`;
#1. 复制一张emps表的空表emps_back,只有表结构,不包含任何数据
CREATE TABLE emps_back
AS
SELECT * FROM emps
WHERE 1=2;
#2. 查询emps_back表中的数据
SELECT * FROM emps_back;
#3. 创建触发器emps_insert_trigger,每当向emps表中添加一条记录时,同步将这条记录添加到emps_back表中
DELIMITER//
CREATE TRIGGER emps_inseter_trigger
AFTER INSERT ON emps
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emps_back(employee_id,last_name,salary)
VALUES(new.employee_id,new.last_name,new.salary);
END//
DELIMITER ;
SHOW TRIGGERS;
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER emps_inseter_trigger;
#4. 验证触发器是否起作用
INSERT INTO emps(employee_id,last_name,salary)
VALUES(101,'Jerry',9000);
SELECT * FROM emps;
SELECT * FROM emps_back;
#练习二
#0. 准备工作:使用练习1中的emps表
#1. 复制一张emps表的空表emps_back1,只有表结构,不包含任何数据
CREATE TABLE emps_back1
AS
SELECT *
FROM emps
WHERE 1 = 2;
#2. 查询emps_back1表中的数据
SELECT * FROM emps_back1;
#3. 创建触发器emps_del_trigger,每当向emps表中删除一条记录时,同步将删除的这条记录添加到emps_back1表中
DELIMITER $
CREATE TRIGGER emps_del_trigger
AFTER DELETE ON emps
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emps_back1(employee_id,last_name,salary)
VALUES(old.employee_id,old.last_name,old.salary);
END$
DELIMITER ;
#4. 验证触发器是否起作用
DELETE FROM emps
WHERE employee_id = 10;
DELETE FROM emps
WHERE employee_id = 101;
SELECT * FROM emps_back1;
SELECT * FROM emps;
MySQL之触发器
最新推荐文章于 2023-01-29 11:07:46 发布