7.1 发短信:不用连接 需要知道对方的地址
发送端
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器a,b,c,d,e,f,g!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");//发送给谁
int port = 9099;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开发端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9099);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
7.2 使用UDP实现聊天
循环聊天
发送端
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备数据。控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6886));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6886);
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
7.3 UDP多线程在线咨询
package com.studyInternet.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据。控制台读取System.in
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.studyInternet.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String mgsFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String mgsFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.mgsFrom = mgsFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(mgsFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.studyInternet.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.studyInternet.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
7.4 URL下载网络资源
统一资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS:域名解析
```
协议://IP地址 :端口 /项目名 /资源
```
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yeye&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
package com.studyInternet.lesson3;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/tangye/SecurityFile.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源Http
HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
网络编程
1、概述
信件:
计算机网络:计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程目的:
无线电台---传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确定位网络上的一台主机 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到这个主机,如何传输数据
javaweb 网页编程: B/S
网络编程: TCP/IP C/S
2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信
通信双方的地址:
-
IP
-
端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
3、IP地址
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机
-
ip地址的分类
ipv4/ipv6
ipv4:127.0.0.1,四个字节组成,
ipv6: fe80::646d:2fff:fe1d:6b64%15 128位。8个无符号整数
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
package com.studyInternet.lesson1; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询自己的ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4= InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 // System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName()); System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
4、端口Port
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
被规定0-65535
-
TCP,UDP
-
端口分类:
公有端口0~1023
Http:80
Https:443
FTP:21
Telent:23
程序注册端口:2014~49151,分配用户或者程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr"" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl+shift+ESC #任务管理器快捷
package com.studyInternet.lesson1; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口 } }
5、 通信协议
协议:约定
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制、、、、、
TCP/UDP协议簇 实际上是一组协议
重要
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP:打电话
连接,稳定
三次握手,四次挥手 最少需要三次,保证稳定连接
客户端 服务端
传输完成 释放连接 效率低
UDP:发短息
不连接,不稳定
客户端 服务端:没有明确的界限
6 、TCP
6.1 实现聊天
客户端:
1.连接到服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; //客服端 public class TcpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.要知道服务器的地址 InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); //2.端口号 int port = 9999; //3.创建一个socket;连接 socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port); //4.发送消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好,再见".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (os != null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器:
1.建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接
3.接收用的消息
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; //服务端 public class TcpServerDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { //1.有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //2.等待客户端连接 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3.读取客户端信息 is = socket.getInputStream(); /** * byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; * int len; * while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ * String msg = new String(buffer,0,len); * System.out.println(msg); * } */ //管道流 baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //关闭资源 if (baos != null){ try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (serverSocket != null){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
6.2 文件上传
服务端
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpserverDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个服务端口 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9099); //2.监听客户端的连接 Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客服端连接 //3.获取输入流 InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); //4.文件输出 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } //关闭资源 fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
客户端
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo01{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个Socket连接 Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9099); //2.创建一个输出流 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); //3.读取文件 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\新建文件夹\\src\\com\\studyInternet\\123.jpg"); //4.写出文件 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len= fis.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } //5.关闭资源 fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); } }
优化一
客户端
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo01{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个Socket连接 Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9099); //2.创建一个输出流 OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); //3.读取文件 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\新建文件夹\\src\\com\\studyInternet\\123.jpg"); //4.写出文件 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len= fis.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知服务器,我已经结束了 socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了 //确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接 InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014]; int len2; while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer2,0,len2); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); //5.关闭资源 baos.close(); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); } }
服务器
package com.studyInternet.lesson2; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class TcpserverDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个服务端口 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9099); //2.监听客户端的连接 Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客服端连接 //3.获取输入流 InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); //4.文件输出 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg")); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知客户端我接受完毕了 OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); //关闭资源 fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
6.3 Tomcat
服务端:
-
自定义S
-
Tomcat服务器S:java后台开发
客服端:
-
自定义C
-
浏览器B