前言
在以前学习javaweb的时候，做安全认证的时候可能会编写大量的过滤器、拦截器等，代码量相应繁琐。而Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC，DI（控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。
一、SpringSecurity是什么？
https://spring.io/projects/spring-security/官方解释：
二、使用步骤
1.引入依赖：
代码如下（示例）：
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
2.接口开发：
package com.example.spbsecurity.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @program: spb-security
* @description:
* @author: Mr.He
* @create: 2022-09-23
**/
@Controller
public class RouterController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index(){
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "views/login";
}
@RequestMapping("toError")
public String loginError(){
return "views/error";
}
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level1/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level2/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id){
return "views/level3/"+id;
}
}
3.自定义SecurityConfig：
由于只是测试阶段，认证的时候就没有从数据库中读取数据，直接从内存中读取。有兴趣的话就可以自己测试下。
package com.example.spbsecurity.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
/**
* @program: spb-security
* @description:
* @author: Mr.He
* @create: 2022-09-23
**/
@EnableWebSecurity //开启WebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//======================授权=========================
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//请求授权规则
http.authorizeHttpRequests()
.antMatchers("/").permitAll() //首页所有人可访问
// 配置自己的网址
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1") //只有拥有vip1角色才能访问
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
//无权限跳转到登录页面
http.formLogin()
.loginPage("/toLogin") //跳转到自定义登录界面
// //登陆访问路径：提交表单之后跳转的地址,可以看作一个中转站，这个步骤就是验证user的一个过程
.loginProcessingUrl("/login")
.failureUrl("/toError"); //登录失败页面
// .usernameParameter("") 登录表单中参数
// .passwordParameter("")
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");//
//关闭csrf
http.csrf().disable();
http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/"); //注销
}
//======================认证=========================
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
// 需要加密 否则会报There is no PasswordEncoder.the id “null”
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("zz").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2")
.and()
.withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("root")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3");
}
}
4.部分前端代码：
如果是自己做测试的话，前端的页面自己随便可以写个简单页面都行。
例如：我的error页面就这样：
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>首页</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/hope/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
<div class="ui secondary menu">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/index}">首页</a>
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--未登录-->
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}">
<i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
</a>
<!--已登录
<a th:href="@{/usr/toUserCenter}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> admin
</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br>
<div class="ui three column stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/hope/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/hope/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>登录</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment">
<div style="text-align: center">
<h1 class="header">登录</h1>
</div>
<div class="ui placeholder segment">
<div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui form">
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Username</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
<i class="user icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Password</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="password" name="password">
<i class="lock icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="remember"/>记住我
</div>
<input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center">
<div class="ui label">
</i>注册
</div>
<br><br>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study </h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/hope/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/hope/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>总结
对我而言，也是第一次接触SpringSecurity。当学了这些皮毛后，就能发现功能的确强大，代码量也是显著减少。最后，上述代码可能存在些许问题与不足，大佬勿怪。
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