初探SpringMVC-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59415584/article/details/122412647

一、环境搭建

创建一个maven项目
项目结构如下
在pom.xml中导包

<!--spring-webmvc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--jsp-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--jstl-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--servlet-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>

在web.xml中注册DispatcherServlet(前置控制器)

<!--注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <!--/ 匹配所有请求，不包括.jsp-->
    <!--/* 匹配所有请求，包括.jsp-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

在resource包下新建springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<!--处理映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理配置器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

创建类去继承Controller接口并重写方法

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMvc");
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

在springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件中配置Bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--处理映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理配置器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="/hello" class="com.peng.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>

在jsp包下创建hello.jsp实现测试结果

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

二、遇到的问题

404
项目结构中，WEB-INF下缺少lib文件和jar包

三、注解实现

编写配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--指定要扫描的包,包下的注解就会生效-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.peng.controller"/>
<!--    <context:annotation-config/>-->
    <!--让SpringMVC不处理静态资源  如.css .js .mp3......-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--自动生成处理映射器，处理适配器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

在web.xml中注册DispatcherServlet(前置控制器)

<servlet>
       <servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
   </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>servlet</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>

创建控制类

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(Model model){
        //封装对象
        model.addAttribute("msg","HelloSpringMVCAnnotation");
        return "hello";
    }
}