该文详细介绍了如何通过ping命令检查Windows与Linux之间的网络连通性，以及在Linux上验证网络状况。接着，文章涉及了MySQL服务的连接问题，包括检查服务状态、端口、防火墙设置和用户授权。还提到了文件socket与网络socket的区别，并展示了如何创建新用户并授权。最后，讨论了iptables防火墙规则对MySQL连接的影响以及查看日志和安全组设置的重要性。
MySQL 连接不上
1.windows的ip问题
ping Linux服务器的ip，检查网络是否通畅。
Linux服务器的网络问题。
2.连接的用户是否有授权
grant
3.linux里的防火墙是否开启
iptables -L
service firewalld stop
4.检查下mysql服务是否开启
ps aux|grep mysqld
5.检查下端口号是否修改
netstat -anlput|grep mysqld
6.云服务器的安全组
检查安全组
windows的ip问题
1.windows里检查，打开cmd，ping Linux服务器ip，检查网络。
2. Linux服务器检查，ping百度、windows机器等，检查网络。
[root@mysql mysql]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (112.80.248.75) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=62.2 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=72.0 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=26.5 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=24.9 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=25.9 ms
64 bytes from 112.80.248.75 (112.80.248.75): icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=31.4 ms
[root@mysql mysql]# ping 192.168.1.117
PING 192.168.1.117 (192.168.1.117) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.117: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.658 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.117: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.71 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.117: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.84 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.117: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.708 ms
文件socket：实现一台电脑里的不同进程之间通信的文件。
网络socket：ip+端口（ 实现跨宿主机之间通信）。
[root@mysql etc]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld_safe]
[client]
#socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
port = 3306
open_files_limit = 8192
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
character-set-server=utf8
[mysql]
auto-rehash
prompt=\u@\d \R:\m mysql>
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456sc
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
# 使用文件socket
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456sc -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
root@(none) 12:12 mysql>连接的用户是否有授权
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.102.139 -P3306 -uroot -p'your passwd'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host 'mysql' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server创建一个用户并且授权
# 连接MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p'your passwd'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
# 创建一个用户
root@(none) 18:47 mysql>create user 'hanwl'@'%' identified by '123456sc';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 给这个用户授权
root@(none) 18:48 mysql>grant all on *.* to 'hanwl'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
'hanwl'@'%'
% 是通配符，代表任意的字符串
grant 是mysql里的授权命令
all 代表授予所有的权限 select、insert、update、delete等
on *.* 第1个* 代表库，第2个*代表库
to 'hanwl'@'%' 给具体的用户
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.102.139 -P3306 -uhanwl -p123456sc
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
hanwl@(none) 18:49 mysql>linux里的防火墙是否开启
添加一条防火墙规则
[root@mysql ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP
[root@mysql ~]# iptables -L -n -v
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 77 packets, 4484 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
7 700 DROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:3306
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 48 packets, 3792 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.102.139 -P3306 -uhanwl -p123456sc
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.去除刚添加的防火墙规则
[root@mysql ~]# iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.102.139 -P3306 -uhanwl -p123456sc
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
hanwl@(none) 18:53 mysql>mysql服务是否开启
看进程
[root@mysql etc]# ps aux|grep mysqld
root 10231 0.0 0.0 11824 1600 ? S 12:41 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
mysql 10387 0.1 13.2 1763324 246660 ? Sl 12:41 0:23 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=mysql.err --open-files-limit=8192 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 10598 0.0 0.0 112832 988 pts/2 S+ 16:31 0:00 grep --color=auto mysqld看端口
[root@mysql etc]# netstat -anlput|grep mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 10387/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 192.168.102.139:3306 192.168.102.1:60719 ESTABLISHED 10387/mysqld 直接连接MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Sanchuang1234#'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
root@(none) 18:47 mysql>
看日志
[root@mysql mysql]# tail slave.err
2023-07-22T10:41:12.871873Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 143, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:42:15.913241Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 144, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:43:18.950869Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 145, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:44:21.983706Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 146, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:45:25.014526Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 147, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:46:28.043188Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 148, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:47:31.062752Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 149, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:47:34.379215Z 7 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
2023-07-22T10:48:34.081550Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 150, Error_code: 2003
2023-07-22T10:49:37.122049Z 1 [ERROR] Slave I/O for channel '': error connecting to master 'screpl@192.168.102.139:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 151, Error_code: 2003
看服务状态状态
[root@mysql mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2023-07-22 15:22:47 CST; 3h 28min ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 6641 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 32
Memory: 272.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
├─6663 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/slave...
└─6996 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/...
7月 22 15:22:43 slave systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
7月 22 15:22:47 slave mysqld[6641]: Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!
7月 22 15:22:47 slave systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
云服务器的安全组
查看安全组
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